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Design of a Sustainable Supply Chain Network for Urban Spent Batteries

Kalabi, Sogol | 2026

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 58780 (01)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Industrial Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Akbari Jokar, Mohammad Reza; Memari, Ashkan
  7. Abstract:
  8. This research addresses the design and optimization of a sustainable supply chain for an environmental startup, with a focus on the collection and recycling of urban alkaline batteries in Tehran. This problem is motivated by the lack of proper management of this type of waste, its environmental pollution, and the resulting loss of natural resources. The main concern is the optimal selection of metro stations to be equipped with collection boxes and the determination of the transportation and recycling network structure in such a way that the economic performance of the network (total profit/cost) is optimized while environmental impacts (carbon emissions) are controlled simultaneously. To this end, a multi-objective mixed-integer programming model was developed and solved using the epsilon-constraint method to derive the Pareto front and analyze the trade-offs between economic and environmental objectives. Furthermore, to account for uncertainty in key data, the model was extended using a robust optimization approach, and the effect of the conservatism parameter on decision robustness and the cost of robustness was analyzed. Numerical results and sensitivity analyses under three carbon policy scenarios (free, intermediate, and stringent) indicate that facility location decisions and network flows follow an economic–environmental rationale, and that certain stations repeatedly emerge as the stable core of the network across most scenarios. The findings show that increasing public participation and improving market conditions for the sale of recycled materials are the most important levers for enhancing economic sustainability, whereas stricter carbon constraints are associated with reduced profit. Therefore, the proposed model can be employed as a decision-support tool for designing collection and recycling networks and for evaluating carbon policies and data-related risks
  9. Keywords:
  10. Sustainable Supply Chain ; Electronic Waste ; Spent Batteries ; Facility Location Model ; Robust Optimization

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