Sharif Digital Repository

This study re-examines the debate between scientific realism and anti-realism by exploring its connection to theories of meaning and reference. Initially, by distinguishing between the metaphysical and epistemological commitments of each side, we demonstrate that scientific realism is not merely an extension of common-sense understanding, but a position supported by profound philosophical arguments. Concurrently, the most significant anti-realist challenges _ranging from incommensurability and pessimistic meta-induction to the restriction of knowledge to the observable domain _are presented and evaluated. Subsequently, to elucidate the semantic backdrop of the debate, a critical overview of... 

Metabonomics is a quantitative measurement of time dependent metabolic interactions for living systems in response to the pathological or genetic variations. NMR spectroscopy has emerged as a key tool for understanding metabolic processes in living systems. In this project, the study of metabolomics was performed as classification and regression on samples of parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis disease, celiac disease and crohn’s disease. In classification part, various methods were applied using optimal parameters.classification methods in Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis disease, celiac disease and crohn’s disease were RF, CART, PLS-DA, RF and RF respectively. Based on the... 

Prediction of groundwater level fluctuations is absolutely necessary for the proper manag ement of these precious resources. There are different methods to predict hydrological time series such as groundwater level. Linear models inefficiency in predicting nonlinear and n on-stationary time series cause researchers widely use artificial intelligence techniques such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and their hybrid models such as Artificial Neural – Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). These smart models are capable to simulate nonlinear and non-stationary time series in suitable accu-racy using by a few time and data. By emersion of Wavelet... 

Foundation is the lowest load-bearing part of a structure and a part of underneath soil that is affected by the structure load. In fact, foundation transfers the loads from the superstructure to the substructure, preventing excessive settlement of soil or stresses exceeding soil bearing capacity. Indeed, almost all structures are placed on the ground, therefore the effects of soil and structure on each other, which is known as Soil Structure Interaction (SSI), is considered as a key factor in many important and engineered structures. In contrast to structures on a rigid footing, a flexible foundation may show stiffness degradation along with an increase of damping and natural period of the... 

In this project three models addressed before in the references are reviewed and the stability margins of radome error slope obtained by analytical method. Then a new model who is usefull in practical applications presented. Because of complication of this model the model is simplified and stability margins for radome error slope derived in simplified model. It is also shown that simplified applicative model is similar to model purposed in ref. [6]. Then a PD controller designed to stabilize some of models reviewed in chapter 3. The equations derived before verified in continuation of the project. The effects of parameters on the stability of missile analysed by equations derived in chapter... 

Due to the environmental concern for the harmful effect of the release of HFCs on global warming there has been more interest for the use of hydrocarbons as refrigerants in recent years. In this project the performance of these refrigerants have been studied and compared with common refrigerants from the quantitative and qualitative point of view using a real-scale model of Peugeot-405 air conditioning system. Charging amount, inside temperature, cooling load, energy consumption of cycle, coefficient of performance and required time to steady state condition are the important comparative criteria for such a study. After carrying out a series of tests it has been considered that charge... 

With the increasingly collected biological data, appropriate usage of this data is of great importance for understanding and predicting biological systems and has been the aim of experiments and data collections. A famous category of biological data is known as “omics” which refers to transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and fluxomics, from different cells or tissues in various media and conditions. This set of data is regularly used for tasks such as studying cells and organisms, understanding cell states, cancer prediction, etc. and is of great importance in Systems Biology.In this thesis, we concentrate on studying cells or organisms using such data, where during that process, we... 

One of the most important issues among defense is the increasing of the defense power using present facilities. Therefore, optimal setting and arrangement of equipment by considering different air-to-earth attack of enemy without knowing of properties and capabilities of available systems may not be possible. So, using defense equipment considering properties of them, and paying attention to existence restrictions and effective elements can have an effective role with the design of suitable algorithm.The main purposes of this thesis are: maximization of the efficiency of a defense system against. aerial invader targets, achieving the best arrangement of defense equipment based on suggested... 

In this research the problem is the development and simulation of Transfer Alignment algorithm for an aerial launch space launch vehicle. In the references there is no complete study on development of this algorithm for the case space launch vehicle. In order to develop the algorithm, the carrying airplane and the space launch navigation systems are considered as the Master INS and Slave INS respectively. First a 6DOF simulation of the airplane is presented. Then the desired inputs for simulation of Master and Slave INS are generated. Also the differences of the inputs of Slave INS caused by the distance between the Master and Slave INS is considered. Master INS performs as an ideal INS and... 

With the advancement of the space industry and the expansion of space missions, the need for satellites and spacecraft with more precise sensors and equipment has increased, which in turn increases the payload mass. In today's world, designing launch vehicles that are merely suitable for the mission is not enough; the launch vehicle must be the best and most appropriate system. The best launch vehicle system is one that not only performs the mission well but is also cost-effective, has higher efficiency, higher reliability, and is easier to maintain. This project aims to develop a multi-disciplinary launch vehicle design software with a graphical interface. In this project, using a... 

The purpose of this thesis is to provide an optimal and online flexible launch vehicle guidance algorithm and method under the occurrence of a random failure in the propulsion system in order to inject the satellite in the nominal orbit/the closest orbit to the nominal orbit. In addition, by recognizing the effects caused by the fault in the propulsion system on the flight dynamics of the launch vehicle, appropriate guidance decisions are applied in analyzes and calculations, and the flexible launch vehicle, according to the amount of error and the time of occurrence of the error and the amount of time left to reach the rated orbit, reaches the nominal orbit or the closest orbit to the... 

Topological combinatorics is an almost novel branch in mathematics whose dawn began to shine originally from Lovász studies at late 70's. The main purpose of the pursued subjects in this branch is to apply topological methods in order to conclude various combinatorial results based on the famous Borsuk-Ulam's theorem which itself is a very deep statement in algebraic topology and has many equivalent versions. For instance, one of these versions states that there is no continuous map f:S^n⟶S^(n-1) which behaves antipodally. In this thesis, we intend to take a considerably long journey in homology theory to pave the way toward a complete proof of this theorem and some of its generalizations.... 

With the advancement in performance and applications of nanosatellites, their utilization capacity has increased. A suitable method for injecting nanosatellites into orbit is the use of air-launched launch vehicles. For the preliminary design of the air-launched launch vehicle, the first and second stages are considered to be Solid Rocket Motors (SRM), and the third stage is considered to be a liquid propellant engine. The mission objective is to inject a 3U cubic nanosatellite with a mass of 3.7 kg into a circular Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at an altitude of 300 km, using an optimized air-launched launch vehicle carried by an MQ-9 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as the carrier aircraft. In this... 

Osteoporosis, characterized by reduced bone mineral density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, significantly increases fracture risk, and the limitations of current pharmacological therapies highlight the urgent need for smart bone regeneration systems. Accordingly, the present study aimed to develop a multifunctional, bioactive, and controllable scaffold system by integrating advanced materials with three-dimensional (3D) printing technology for the repair of osteoporotic defects. In the first phase, mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNPs) with an average diameter of 210 ± 2.8 nm were synthesized and characterized via EDX, XRD, FTIR, BET, and zeta potential analyses. To...