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Investigating the Energy Transition in the Aviation Industry and its Environmental and Economic Effects using the Aviation Integrated Model

Rostami Gandomani, Saeed | 2025

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  1. Type of Document: Ph.D. Dissertation
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 58711 (45)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Aerospace Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Javadi, Khodayar; Maleki, Abbas
  7. Abstract:
  8. Given the increasing international pressure to decarbonize aviation, the transition to clean fuels—particularly hydrogen—has emerged as a promising strategy. This research presents a comprehensive, multi-dimensional evaluation of retrofitted hydrogen-powered aviation, analyzing its environmental, economic, technological, and policy implications at both macro and micro scales. At the macro level, results indicate that hydrogen adoption—especially via low-carbon production pathways such as renewable electrolysis and thermal splitting—could lead to significant reductions in CO2-equivalent emissions by 2050. Economic assessments reveal that under certain scenarios, the cumulative operational and infrastructure costs of hydrogen-powered aviation, particularly for narrow-body aircraft, may remain competitive with conventional jet fuel systems. At the microscale, a multi-objective optimization using the NSGA-II algorithm demonstrates that retrofitted hydrogen-powered aircraft in the medium-class size achieve favorable trade-offs between seating capacity, operational range, cost, and emissions. Additionally, the study introduces combined economic-environmental indices to evaluate different hydrogen production pathways and aircraft classes across multiple demand scenarios. The results suggest that focusing on retrofitting medium-class aircraft and investing in centralized airport infrastructure could be the most effective pathway for a gradual hydrogen transition in aviation
  9. Keywords:
  10. Energy Transition ; Environmental Assessment ; Economic Analysis ; Multiobjective Optimization ; Cost-Emission Trade-Off Index ; Hydrogen Infrastructure ; Hydrogen Aviation

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