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Formation of magnetic double emulsions under steady and variable magnetic fields from a 3D-printed coaxial capillary device

Mohseni, A ; Sharif University of Technology | 2024

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  1. Type of Document: Article
  2. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342573
  3. Publisher: 2024
  4. Abstract:
  5. Background: Double emulsions (DEs) have attracted researchers’ attention to be utilized as a promising platform in biomedical and chemical applications. Several actuation mechanisms have been proposed for the generation of DEs. The conventional DE formation approaches (e.g. two-stage emulsification) suffer from low monodispersity. The electric actuation (i.e. coaxial electrospray technology) has been demonstrated as a controllable method for the DE formation, while the capability of magnetic actuation has not been studied yet. Result: In the present study, the generation of ferrofluid double emulsions (FDEs), made from water-based ferrofluid as a core and oil as a shell, under the magnetic actuation of a permanent magnet with a steady magnetic field and an electromagnet with DC and pulse width modulation (PWM) magnetic fields was investigated with a simple controllable setup fabricated using 3D printing. The effect of various parameters affecting the FDE formation, such as the fluid flow rates, the magnetic field type, the magnetic flux density, and the PWM frequency and duty cycle, on the FDE formation characteristics, including the inner and outer equivalent diameters, and the formation frequency was studied. Under the steady magnetic field, two regimes of the FDE formation were identified: inertia-dominated and magnet-dominated. Significance: Wireless power-free magnetic actuation provides better control over the FDE formation, enhancing this process by increasing the FDE formation frequency with high monodispersity. The PWM magnetic field offers excellent controllability over the FDE formation with low-volume or no, in some cases, satellite droplets by tuning the PWM frequency and the duty cycle. © 2024 Elsevier B.V
  6. Keywords:
  7. Double emulsion ; Magnetic droplet ; Satellite droplet ; 3D printing ; Drops ; Emulsification ; Flow of fluids ; Magnetic fields ; Ostwald ripening ; Pulse width modulation ; Ferrofluid ; Olive oil ; Water ; 3-D printing ; 3D-printing ; Double emulsions ; Droplet formation ; Emulsion formation ; Magnetic actuation ; Magnetic droplets ; Magnetic-field ; Pulsewidth modulations (PWM) ; Satellite droplets ; Buoyancy force ; Capillary force ; Capillary number ; Drag force ; Emulsion ; Ferrofluid double emulsion ; Flow rate ; Inertial force ; Magnetic coil current ; Magnetic field ; Magnetic field strength ; Magnetic flux density ; Physical parameters ; Power supply ; Pulse width modulation duty cycle ; Pulse width modulation frequency ; Saturation magnetization ; Surface tension ; Surface tension force ; Three dimensional printing ; Weber number ; Capillary ; Controlled study ; Electrospray ; Fluid flow ; Magnet ; Nonhuman ; Pharmaceutics ; Permanent magnets
  8. Source: Analytica Chimica Acta ; Volume 1309 , 2024 ; 00032670 (ISSN)
  9. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S000326702400374X