Sharif Digital Repository

This study evaluated the feasibility of upgrading the treated effluent from the Tehran Oil Refinery wastewater treatment plant for reuse as cooling tower makeup water. Due to the high concentrations of dissolved solids, phosphate, silica, and COD, the direct use of this effluent causes scaling, corrosion, and biofouling in cooling systems. To address these issues, a hybrid advanced treatment train comprising pre-oxidation and coagulation using ferrate (Fe(VI)), followed by mixed-bed ion exchange (MB400) and a final remineralization stage, was employed. The goal was to simultaneously reduce organic, colloidal, and ionic loads with minimal energy and chemical consumption and to produce a...