Sharif Digital Repository

In recent decades, it has become clear that fluctuations in systems—especially those out of equilibrium—are not merely background noise. In fact, they can encode essential information about the system and its properties. These insights have been unified under what is now known as the fluctuation theorems. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of some of the most important results of these theorems. The key results are reproduced under the assumption that the dynamics are governed by classical mechanics. Next, the extensions of the results that have been classically established—such as the Jarzynski equality and the Crooks fluctuation theorem—are reproduced for quantum...