Sharif Digital Repository

Increasingly adopting of multiple channels by companies in order to achieve greater market coverage and more sale, has made managers to deal with a new challenge of avoiding conflict in multiple channels. The importance of the issue and lack of empirical research provided motivation to study approaches to minimize multiple channel conflict and explore how they reduce conflict. Therefore a qualitative study using a single case (Solico Group) was conducted. After reviewing the literature 7 approaches were identified to minimize multiple channel conflict: Superordinate goals (goals that achieving them requires efforts and resources of more than one channel), Brand (using products with different... 

Investment is a variable that would determine the future status of the economy. Given the fact that the investment behavior consequences in the economy would appear in the long-term horizons, unlike most other state variables, such as inflation and exchange rates, it may not be a tangible variable. As a result, there may be fewer sensitivities toward it. However, looking at the evidence, it is observable that the level of investment in Iran has experienced a severe reduction since the early 2010s, and this decline in investment has remained stable in its trend. The real aggregate investment level in Iran at the end of the year 2018 was approximately equal to its level in the year 2002. There... 

Intersection safety at signalized intersections remains one of the most challenging issues in urban traffic engineering, as the diversity of vehicular maneuvers and the unpredictability of driver behavior, can lead to hazardous conflicts and eventually crashes; given the well-documented limitations of traditional crash-based data—such as limited scope, incomplete records, and the rarity of crashes—this study adopts a proactive approach based on traffic conflict analysis. In this context, surrogate safety measures such as Time to Collision (TTC), Modified Time to Collision (MTTC), and Deceleration Rate to Avoid Collision (DRAC) are employed. These indicators, extracted through detailed...