Sharif Digital Repository

In this study, a three-dimensional mathematical model, based on a nonuniform droplet concentration distribution, has been developed to simulate gas absorption in a venturi scrubber. The mass transfer process was illustrated by assuming the liquid phase as a combination of droplets and film. The flow, just as the annular two-phase flow, includes a flow of liquid film layer on the walls and a flow of gas and liquid drops in the core. Peclet number was determined using experimental data reported by Viswanathan et al. (1984) for distribution of droplets across the cross section of the scrubber. The mathematical model for gas absorption was justified by comparing the theoretical predictions with... 

The effect of aging on some piezoelectric properties, including d33, K33, and d33g33 in 1-3 composite transducers has been evaluated in this article. The spontaneous changes of properties of piezocomposites (lead zirconate titanate/epoxy) and piezoceramic under zero external stress was measured at 5 days and 500 days after poling. The results show that the aging behavior in piezoelectric composites is very much dependent on the ceramic content. The composite material behaves similar to a piezoceramic at high volume fraction of ceramic, i.e., greater than 25 vol. %. At low volume fraction of ceramic, however, the rate of aging is much higher in piezoelectric composite compared to that of the... 

Abstract: Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have always been among the most popular topics in science fiction (sci-fi) movies. This paper endeavors to review popular movies containing Fictional Robots (FR) to extract the most common characteristics and interesting design ideas of robots portrayed in science fiction. To this end, 134 sci-fi films, including 108 unique FRs, were investigated regarding the robots’ different design aspects (e.g., appearance design, interactive design and artificial intelligence, and ethical and social design). Also, in each section of this paper, some characteristics of FRs are compared with real social robots. Since some researches point to the... 

Three different wire drawing schedules were attempted to examine the effects of reduction of area, die-angle and friction coefficient on the strain inhomogeneity of drawn copper wires. The microhardness distribution was studied over the transverse and longitudinal cross-sections. Inhomogeneity factor (I. F.) curves; I. F. = f(r), I. F. = g(2α) and I. F. = h(μ) were determined from the measurements. The results indicate that less strain inhomogeneity is achieved in drawing wires through dies with low angle, low friction coefficient and high reduction of area. Despite the variation in reduction of area and die-angle, the strain was distributed evenly at the center of the drawn wires. Contrary... 

In this study, the artificial neural network (ANN) and the Taguchi method are employed to optimize the radial force and strain inhomogeneity in radial forging process. The finite element analysis of the process verified by the microhardness test (to confirm the predicted strain distribution) and the experimental forging load published by the previous researcher are used to predict the strain distribution in the final product and the radial force. At first, a combination of process parameters are selected by orthogonal array for numerical experimenting by Taguchi method and then simulated by FEM. Then the optimum conditions are predicted via the Taguchi method. After that, by using the FEM... 

Radial forging is an open forging process used for reducing the diameters of shafts, tubes, stepped shafts and axels, as well as for creating internal profiles for tubes such as rifling the gun barrels. The radial forging of tubes is usually performed over a mandrel to create an internal profile and/or size the internal diameter; but the process can also be used without a mandrel when workpiece geometry does not allow it or the internal surface quality is not critical. In some industrial applications, it may not be possible to use a mandrel inside the tubular workpiece, e.g., due to geometrical limitations of the workpiece. In this study, finite element modelling is applied to model the... 

Radial forging is an open die forging process used for reducing diameter of shafts, tubes, stepped shafts and axels, and creating the internal profiles for tubes such as rifling the gun barrels. In the present research, a new model based on calculating the deformation work was developed to find an upper bound limit for the deformation load in the case of radial forging of rods and tubes. Also, the model was used to assess the effects of the process parameters. The accuracy of the model was tested by comparing the predicted results with those achieved from the experiment at work of Uhlig [Investigation of the motions and the forces in radial swaging. Doctoral Dissertation, Technical... 

Radial forging is an open forging process used for reducing the diameters of shafts, tubes, stepped shafts and axels, and creating internal profiles for tubes such as rifling of gun barrels. Usually a mandrel is used inside a tubular workpiece to create internal profile and/or size the internal diameter, but the process can also be performed without a mandrel when workpiece geometry does not allow utilizing it or the internal surface quality is not critical. Moreover, in stepped shafts and tubes, often there is a fillet connecting two different sections. If it is possible to produce that fillet during the forging process, the process could be more cost effective. So, in this paper, four... 

In this paper, the three-dimensional large deformation frictional contact of powder forming process is modeled using a simple computational algorithm based on the augmented-Lagrange approach. The technique is applied by imposing the contact constraints and modifying the contact properties of frictional slip through the node-to-surface (NTS) contact algorithm. The Coulomb friction law is employed to simulate the friction between the rigid punch and the work-piece by the use of penalty and augmented-Lagrange approaches. It is shown that the augmented-Lagrange technique significantly improves imposing of the constraints on contact surfaces. The nonlinear contact friction algorithm is employed... 

The substantial presence of different uncertainties in energy systems highlights the need for probabilistic analysis of operational and planning studies. Motivated by this fact, a new stochastic planning framework for energy hubs (EHs) is presented in this study based on the probability transformation concept. In the proposed framework, a measure of relative-likelihood impact is developed to estimate the importance of uncertainty sources in the studies, which, in turn, can remarkably reduce the overall complexity of stochastic problems. Step-by-step algorithm for implementation of the proposed framework on planning studies of an EH is also addressed in this study. Three different case... 

The tear energy and heat build up of NR, SBR and BR vulcanizates and their corresponding blends were measured at several temperatures via modified trouser tear and Goodrich flexometer experiments. In all single component samples, by increasing temperature from -10 to 125°C, the fracture energy decreases, goes through a minimum and increases again. Nevertheless, in SBR and BR, a level off and a level off followed by second drop occur at higher temperatures, respectively. On the other hand, for aforementioned samples the heat build up decreases monotonically by raising the temperature. For two-component blends, the fracture energy and heat build up show different dependencies on temperature in... 

A shock control bump (SCB) is a flow control method which uses local small deformations in a flexible wing surface to considerably reduce the strength of shock waves and the resulting wave drag in transonic flows. Most of the reported research is devoted to optimization in a single flow condition. Here, we have used a multi-point adjoint optimization scheme to optimize shape and location of the SCB. Practically, this introduces transonic airfoils equipped with the SCB which are simultaneously optimized for different off-design transonic flight conditions. Here, we use this optimization algorithm to enhance and optimize the performance of SCBs in two benchmark airfoils, i.e., RAE-2822 and... 

Unfortunately, in the original online publication of the article, the quantity ω was incorrectly typeset as w in Eqs. (40) and (41). In Eq. (40), the subscript K was incorrectly typeset as k. The original publication of the article has been updated to reflect these changes  

A shock control bump (SCB) is a flow control method that uses local small deformations in a flexible wing surface to considerably reduce the strength of shock waves and the resulting wave drag in transonic flows. Most of the reported research is devoted to optimization in a single flow condition. Here, we have used a multi-point adjoint optimization scheme to optimize shape and location of the SCB. Practically, this introduces transonic airfoils equipped with the SCB that are simultaneously optimized for different off-design transonic flight conditions. Here, we use this optimization algorithm to enhance and optimize the performance of SCBs in two benchmark airfoils, i.e., RAE-2822 and... 

In this research, the samples of a low carbon steel sheet were rolled up to a thickness prestrain of 67% at three different temperatures consisted of room, blue brittleness, and subzero temperature. Microhardness, SEM, and tensile tests were carried out to evaluate the static recrystallization kinetics defined by the Avrami equation, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties. It was found that the Avrami exponent is altered with change in prestrain temperature and it achieves the value of 1 to 1. 5. Moreover, it was indicated that prestraining at subzero temperature followed by annealing at 600 °C leads to considerable enhancement in tensile properties and kinetics of static... 

A coiled carbon nanotube (CCNT) can be formed from the distortion of parent toroidal carbon nanotube with a uniform pitch length and a uniform spring rise angle. In this research molecular dynamics simulation was carried out to assess the tensile properties of three CCNT having indexes of (3,3), (4,4), and (5,5). The results indicated that Stone-Wales defects are necessary for thermodynamic stability of the CCNTs. The stress-strain curves showed that the yield stress, yield strain, and failure strain are decreased with increase in temperature. The force-displacement curves revealed that the spring constant of these materials is highly depended on the tube diameter and rising angle, while it... 

During the recent years, some Mg based alloys have extensively been considered as a new generation of degradable and absorbable bio-medical materials. In this work, the Mg–2Zn–1Gd–1Ca (wt%) alloy as a new metallic bio-material was produced by the casting process followed by the heat treatment. The samples of the alloy were solution treated at temperatures of 500, 550, and 600 °C and then quench aged at temperatures of 125, 150, and 175 °C. The results of SEM-EDS examinations indicated that the alloy microstructure consists of α-Mg matrix and the Ca2Mg6Zn3 and Mg3Gd2Zn3 secondary phases. With regard to the results of Vickers hardness test, the temperatures of 500 °C and 150 °C were selected... 

This article endeavors to present the impact of conducting robot-assisted music-based intervention sessions for children with low-functioning (LF) autism. To this end, a drum/xylophone playing robot is used to teach basic concepts of how to play the instruments to four participants with LF autism during nine educational sessions. The main findings of this study are compared to similar studies conducted with children with high-functioning autism. Our main findings indicated that the stereotyped behaviors of all the subjects decreased during the course of the program with an approximate large Cohen’s d effect size. Moreover, the children showed some improvement in imitation, joint attention,... 

Autistic children are often impaired in initiating and responding to Joint Attention. In recent years, there has been an increase in the application of robots in diagnosis and treatment of autism. The purpose of the current research has been primarily to originate the proper therapeutic scenarios and to implement two interactive humanoid robots as therapy assistants in autism treatment in Iran. To this end, the humanoid robots were programmed and teleoperated via Microsoft Kinect Sensor and PhantomOmni Haptic Robot to elicit reactions consisting of imitation of humans by the humanoid robots and vice versa. In this paper, we elaborate on the therapeutic items that we have designed to improve... 

In this paper, the three-dimensional large frictional contact deformation of powder forming process is modeled using a node-to-surface contact algorithm based on the penalty and augmented-Lagrange approaches. The technique is applied by imposing the normal and tangential contact constraints and modifying the contact properties of frictional slip. The Coulomb friction law is employed to simulate the friction between the rigid punch and the work piece. It is shown that the augmented-Lagrange technique significantly improves imposing of the constraints on contact surfaces. In order to predict the non-uniform relative density and stress distributions during the large deformation of powder...