Sharif Digital Repository

The effects of finite magnetization and electric polarization on dissipative and non-dissipative (anomalous) transport coefficients of a chiral fluid are studied. First, using the second law of thermodynamics as well as Onsager's time-reversal symmetry principle, the complete set of dissipative transport coefficients of this medium is derived. It is shown that the properties of the resulting shear and bulk viscosities are mainly affected by the anisotropy induced by external electric and magnetic fields. Then, using the fact that the anomaly induced currents do not contribute to entropy production, the corresponding algebro-differential equations to non-dissipative anomalous transport... 

In order to gain deeper insight into the physics of the novel rotating solution of nonideal transverse magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), presented in one of our recent works, we replace the previously considered Maxwell theory with the CP violating Maxwell-Chern-Simons (MCS) theory. In this way, dissipationless chiral magnetic (CM) and anomalous Hall (AH) currents appear in the MCS equation of motion, that, together with equations of relativistic hydrodynamics, builds the set of constitutive equations of the nonideal transverse Chern-Simons magnetohydrodynamics (CSMHD). We are, in particular, interested in the effect of these currents on the evolution of electromagnetic fields in a uniformly and... 

In the first part of this work, a perturbative analysis up to one-loop order is carried out to determine the one-loop β-function of noncommutative U(1) gauge theory with matter fields in the adjoint representation. In the second part, the conformal anomaly of the same theory is calculated using Fujikawa's path integral method. The value of the one-loop β-function calculated in both methods coincides. As it turns out, noncommutative QED with matter fields in the adjoint representation is asymptotically free for the number of flavor degrees of freedom Nf < 3  

The noncommutative dipole QED is studied in detail for the matter fields in the adjoint representation. The axial anomaly of this theory is calculated in two and four dimensions using various regularization methods. The Ward-Takahashi identity is proved by making use of a nonperturbative path integral method. The one-loop β-function of the theory is calculated explicitly. It turns out that the value of the β-function depends on the direction of the dipole length L, which defines the noncommutativity. Finally using a semiclassical approximation a nonperturbative definition of the form factors is presented and the anomalous magnetic moment of this theory at one-loop order is computed  

The properties of noninteracting σ and π0 mesons are studied at finite temperature, chemical potential, and in the presence of a constant magnetic field. To do this, the energy dispersion relations of these particles, including nontrivial form factors, are derived using a derivative expansion of the effective action of a two-flavor, hot and magnetized Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model up to second order. The temperature dependence of the pole and screening masses as well as the directional refraction indices of magnetized neutral mesons are explored for fixed magnetic fields and chemical potentials. It is shown that, because of the explicit breaking of the Lorentz invariance by the magnetic field,... 

The plasma of quarks and gluons created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions turns out to be paramagnetic. In the presence of a background magnetic field, this paramagnetism thus leads to a pressure anisotropy, similar to anisotropies appearing in a viscous fluid. In the present paper, we use this analogy, and develop a framework similar to anisotropic hydrodynamics, to take the pressure anisotropy caused, in particular, by the nonvanishing magnetization of a plasma of quarks and gluons into account. We consider the first two moments of the classical Boltzmann equation in the presence of an electromagnetic source in the relaxation-time approximation, and derive a set of coupled... 

The mass spectrum of noncommutative QED in two-dimensional Euclidean ℝ2 space is derived first in a perturbative approach at one-loop level and then in a nonperturbative approach using the equivalent bosonized noncommutative effective action. It turns out that the mass spectrum of noncommutative QED in two dimensions reduces to a single non-interacting meson with mass Mγ = g/√π, as in commutative Schwinger model  

This paper presents a novel model to simulate the flow-current characteristic curve of an electro-hydraulic servo valve in steady state condition. This characteristic curve has three major zones: dead zone, linear zone and saturation zone. By using the presented approach, we can simulate the behavior of all types of valves including under lapped, critical center (zero lapped) and over lapped valves. A hydraulic tester has been designed and constructed for validation of the results. It can test the performance of flow-current and some other properties of the valve. Comparison of experimental and simulated curves describes that the model has an acceptable accuracy in determining the four... 

The Chern-Simons magnetohydrodynamics (CSMHD) is introduced using a Maxwell-Chern-Simons (MCS) Lagrangian including an axionlike field . The MCS equation of motion derived from this Lagrangian consists of a modified current, including a chiral magnetic (CM) and an anomalous Hall (AH) current, in addition to the ordinary Ohm current of resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The former consists of an axial chemical potential, which is given in terms of the temporal comoving derivative of , and the latter arises from the spatial gradient of . As it turns out, the existence of the axial chemical potential is a nonequilibrium effect that plays no role in the linear stability analysis, whereas the... 

The static Coulomb potential of Quantum Electrodynamics is calculated in the presence of a strong magnetic field by computing perturbatively the vacuum expectation value of the corresponding Wilson loop in the lowest Landau level (LLL) approximation. In the LLL, two different regimes of dynamical mass, md yn., can be distinguished. These two regimes are |q2 | ≪ m2 d yn. ≪ |eB| and m2 d yn. ≪ |q2 | ≪ |eB|, where q is the longitudinal components of the momentum relative to the external magnetic field B. As it turns out, the potential in the first regime, |q2 | ≪ m2 d yn. ≪ |eB|, has the general form of a modfied Coulomb potential V1(R, θ ) = −α R A1(α, θ ) −γ A2 R (α 2 ,θ ) + γ 2 A3 (α,θ ) ,... 

A hidden generalized gauge symmetry of a cutoff QED is used to show the renormalizability of QED. In particular, it is shown that the corresponding Ward identities are valid all along the renormalization group flow. The exact renormalization group flow equation corresponding to the effective action of a cutoff λψ4 theory is also derived. Generalization to any gauge group is indicated  

We determine the shear viscosity of a hot and dense Yukawa-Fermi gas, using the standard Green-Kubo relation, according to which the shear viscosity is given by the retarded correlator of the traceless part of the viscous energy-momentum tensor. We approximate this retarded correlator using a one-loop skeleton expansion, and express the bosonic and fermionic shear viscosities, ηb and ηf, in terms of bosonic and fermionic spectral widths, Γb and Γ±. Here, the subscripts ± correspond to normal and collective (plasmino) excitations of fermions. We study, in particular, the effect of these excitations on thermal properties of ηf[Γ±]. To do this, we determine first the dependence of Γb and Γ± on... 

The effect of an exponentially decaying magnetic field on the dynamics of Dirac fermions in 3+1 dimensions is explored. The spatially decaying magnetic field is assumed to be aligned in the third direction, and is defined by B(x)=B(x)e z, with B(x)=B 0e -ξx" B. Here, ξ is a dimensionless damping factor and " B=(eB0 -1 /2 is the magnetic length. As it turns out, the energy spectrum of fermions in this inhomogeneous magnetic field can be analytically determined using the Ritus method. Assuming the magnetic field to be strong, the chiral condensate and the local electric current correlation function are computed in the lowest Landau level (LLL) approximation and the results are compared with... 

The complete quasiparticle spectrum of a magnetized electromagnetic plasma is systematically explored at zero and nonzero temperatures. To this purpose, the general structure of the one-loop corrected propagator of magnetized fermions is determined, and the dispersion relations arising from the pole of this propagator are numerically solved. It turns out that in the lowest Landau level, where only one spin direction is allowed, the spectrum consists of one positively (negatively) charged fermionic mode with positive (negative) spin. In contrast, in higher Landau levels, as an indirect consequence of the double spin degeneracy of fermions, the spectrum consists of two massless collective... 

Using the standard Green-Kubo formalism, we determine the shear viscosity ? of a hot and dense Yukawa-Fermi gas. In particular, we study the effect of particle and plasmino excitations on thermal properties of the fermionic part of the shear viscosity, and explore the effects of thermal corrections to particle masses on bosonic and fermionic shear viscosities, ?b and η f . It turns out that the effects of plasminos on η f become negligible with increasing (decreasing) temperature (chemical potential)  

The differential multiplicity of dileptons in a hot and magnetized quark–gluon plasma, ΔB≡dNB/d4xd4q, is derived from first principles. The constant magnetic field B is assumed to be aligned in a fixed spatial direction. It is shown that the anisotropy induced by the B field is mainly reflected in the general structure of photon spectral density function. This is related to the imaginary part of the vacuum polarization tensor, Im[Πμν], which is derived in a first order perturbative approximation. As expected, the final analytical expression for ΔB includes a trace over the product of a photonic part, Im[Πμν], and a leptonic part, Lμν. It is shown that ΔB consists of two parts, ΔB ∥ and ΔB ⊥,...