Sharif Digital Repository

Series of experimental tests were conducted on a section of a 660 kW wind turbine blade to measure the pressure distribution of this model oscillating in plunging motion. In order to minimize the amount of data required to predict aerodynamic loads of the airfoil, a General Regression Neural Network, GRNN, was trained using the measured experimental data. The network once proved to be accurate enough, was used to predict the flow behavior of the airfoil for the desired conditions. Results showed that with using a few of the acquired data, the trained neural network was able to predict accurate results with minimal errors when compared with the corresponding measured values. Therefore with... 

A series of experiments were conducted on an oscillating airfoil in subsonic flow. The model was oscillated in two types of motions, pitch and plunge, at different velocities, and reduced frequencies. In addition, steady data were acquired and examined to furnish a baseline for analysis and comparison. The imposed variables of the experiment were reduced frequency, mean incident angle, amplitude of motion, and free stream velocity as well as the surface grit roughness. The unsteady aerodynamic loads were calculated using surface pressure measurements, 64 ports, along the chord for both upper and lower surfaces of the model. Particular emphases were placed on the effects of different type of... 

A series of experiments were conducted on an oscillating airfoil in subsonic flow. The model was oscillated in two types of motions, pitch and plunge, at different velocities, and reduced frequencies. In addition, steady data were acquired and examined to furnish a baseline for analysis and comparison. The imposed variables of the experiment were reduced frequency, mean incident angle, amplitude of motion, and free stream velocity as well as the surface grit roughness. The unsteady aerodynamic loads were calculated using surface pressure measurements, 64 ports, along the chord for both upper and lower surfaces of the model. Particular emphases were placed on the effects of different type of... 

Numerous experiments were conducted on an oscillating airfoil in a subsonic wind tunnel. The experiments involved measuring the surface pressure distribution when the model oscillated in two types of motion, pitch and plunge, at three different Reynolds numbers, 0.42, 0.63 and 0.84 million, and over a range of reduced frequencies, k = 0.03 0.09. The unsteady aerodynamic loads were calculated from the surface pressure measurements, 64 ports, along the chord for both upper and lower surfaces of the model. Particular emphasis was placed on the effects of different types of motion on the unsteady pressure distribution of the airfoil at pre-stall, near-stall and post-stall conditions. It was... 

The flow on a section of NACA 641-412 airfoil with right and inverse triangle shaped damage was numerically investigated. The flow through the damage was driven by the pressure differential between the upper and lower wing surfaces. The results showed that for both damage shapes the flows could be categorized as weak, transitional or strong jets. For both damage cases the jet exited from the rear of the damage and its size was determined by the width of the rear part of the hole. Generally, when compared with an undamaged model, increasing incidence for a damaged model resulted in increased loss of lift coefficient, increased drag coefficient and more negative pitching moment coefficient.... 

This is an experimental study on the boundary layer over an airfoil under steady and unsteady conditions. It specifically deals with the effect of plunging oscillation on the laminar/turbulent characteristics of the boundary layer. The wind tunnel measurements involved surface-mounted hot-film sensors and boundary-layer rake. The experiments were conducted at Reynolds numbers of 0.42×10 6 to 0.84 × 10 6 and the reduced frequency was varied from 0.01 to 0.11. The results of the quasi-wall-shear stress as well as the boundary layer velocity profiles provided important information about the state of the boundary layer over the suction surface of the airfoil in both static and dynamic cases. For... 

Extensive experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of leading-edge roughness on the state of the boundary layer of a wind turbine blade section. The application of surface grit roughness simulates surface irregularities that occur on the wind turbine blades. The measurements were done using multiple hot-film sensors and surface pressure transducers in both static and plunging oscillation of the airfoil. Frequency domain analysis was used to determine the state of the unsteady boundary layer  

This investigation addresses the boundary layer study of a plunging airfoil. It specifically concerns the effect of reduced frequency on transition and separation/reattachment of the unsteady boundary layer. The wind tunnel measurements were conducted using multiple hot-film sensors, pressure transducers and a boundary-layer rake, at Reynolds numbers of 0.42 to 0.84 million, and over reduced frequencies from 0.05 to 0.11. It was observed the boundary layer transition occurs by a laminar separation bubble. The unsteady laminar separation is promoted (delayed) by the increase of the reduced frequency in upstroke (downstroke) portion of the equivalent angle of attack  

Comparison of the traditional linear heating method of TPD with an original stepwise heating scheme was reported for the first time. Stepwise heating TPD was carried out by keeping the temperature constant as soon as ammonia desorption signal rises until the signal returns to the baseline. More ammonia desorption peaks on a SAPO-34 catalyst were identified using TPD with stepwise heating. The effect of temperature ramp on desorption peak broadening in TPD curve was also addressed. The more distinct ammonia desorption peaks in stepwise TPD indicates that ammonia adsorbs in about five or six different ways on SAPO-34, and attribution of different adsorptions may be explained considering some... 

Most part of Iran is dominated by arid and semi-arid areas due to low annual rainfall. The need for production of fresh water from brackish water is considerably high, especially in dry regions. In this study 1 month daily-based experimental data from a solar still site has been reported. The technical and operational problems of this site which finally contributed to the total cease of the site are described. Then a detailed analysis is investigated on progress of a prototype which constructed in order to solve the site's problems. The results of 1 month of experimental data of the final design showed that the last prototype could be used to solve the current problems of the site. The... 

Hydrocracking is one of the most versatile petroleum refining processes for production of valuable products including gasoline, gas oil, and jet fuel. In this paper, a five-parameter continuous lumping model was used for kinetic modeling of hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil (VGO). The model parameters were estimated from industrial data obtained from a fixed bed reactor operating at an average temperature of 400°C and residence time of 0.3 h. Product distributions were obtained in terms of the weight fraction of various boiling point cuts. The model parameters were estimated using the Nelder-Mead optimization procedure and were correlated with temperature. Comparison of experimental and... 

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present an improved methodology for design of custom-made hip prostheses, through integration of advanced image processing, computer aided design (CAD) and additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. Design/methodology/approach - The proposed methodology for design of custom-made hip prostheses is based on an independent design criterion for each of the intra-medullary and extra-medullary portions of the prosthesis. The intra-medullar part of the prosthesis is designed using a more accurate and detailed description of the 3D geometry of the femoral intra-medullary cavity, including the septum calcar ridge, so that an improved fill and fit performance... 

In this letter, we propose a method for real-time high density impulse noise suppression from images. In our method, we first apply an impulse detector to identify the corrupted pixels and then employ an innovative weighted-average filter to restore them. The filter takes the nearest neighboring interpolated image as the initial image and computes the weights according to the relative positions of the corrupted and uncorrupted pixels. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the best existing methods in both PSNR measure and visual quality and is quite suitable for real-time applications  

The disposal of used tires is a major environmental problem. With increasing interest on recovery of wastes, pyrolysis is considered as an alternative process for recovering some of the value in scrap tires. An accurate kinetic model is required to predict product yields during thermal or catalytic pyrolysis of scrap tires. Pyrolysis products contain a variety of hydrocarbons over a wide boiling range. A common approach for kinetic modeling of such complex systems is lumping where each lump is defined by a boiling point range. Available experimental data for thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of scrap tires from the literature were used to evaluate two types of lumping models; discrete and... 

Compared with flat linear structures, tubular linear machines do not face edge effects, making their performance better than their flat counterparts. In this article, a novel linear variable-reluctance resolver with tubular configuration is proposed. To optimize the design of an electromagnetic structure, modeling methods are used. Thus, in this article, an analytical model for the proposed resolver is presented. This model is based on the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) method and is considerably less time-consuming than finite element analysis (FEA), yet provides accurate results. A conformal mapping is employed to compute the permeance of the air-gap. The proposed model is then utilized... 

In Brukner and Zeilinger's interpretation of quantum mechanics, information is introduced as the most fundamental notion and the finiteness of information is considered as an essential feature of quantum systems. They also define a new measure of information which is inherently different from the Shannon information and try to show that the latter is not useful in defining the information content in a quantum object. Here, we show that there are serious problems in their approach which make their efforts unsatisfactory. The finiteness of information does not explain how objective results appear in experiments and what an instantaneous change in the so-called information vector (or catalog of... 

Low silicon content SAPO-34 was successfully synthesized using the conventional hydrothermal crystallization in the static condition. Effects of different synthesis conditions including crystallization temperature and the silicon source were investigated through X-ray diffraction patterns. It was concluded that the silicon source had a significant effect on silicon incorporation into the alumino-phosphate building blocks in the course of crystallization. Using precipitated silica instead of silica sol resulted in the formation of impurities of alumino-phosphates phases whose crystalline structures collapse at the high temperature of calcination. For the low silicon SAPO-34 synthesis, the...