Sharif Digital Repository

Turbidity current is produced when a particle-laden fluid flows under lighter ambient fresh fluid. The streaming of particle-laden fluid is called a turbidity current and this kind of current is an important mechanism for sediment transportation in lakes and oceans. In the present research, the main concentration is on the effect of obstacle with an isosceles right triangular cross section on the behavior of turbidity current. A series of laboratory experiments were carried out with various obstacle heights and different inlet densimetric Froude numbers. In each experiment, velocity profiles upstream and downstream of the obstacle were measured, using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. Kaolin... 

In the present paper, the formation of an air bubble in a shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid was investigated numerically. For modeling, an algebraic volume of fluid (VOF) solver of OpenFOAM ® was improved by applying a Laplacian filter and was evaluated using the experimental results from the literature. The enhanced solver could compute the surface tension force more accurately, and it was important especially at low capillary and Bond numbers due to the dominance of surface tension force relative to the other forces. The adiabatic bubble growth was simulated in an axisymmetric domain for Bo = 0.05 , 0.1 , 0.5 and Ca = 10 - 1, 10 - 2, 10 - 3, 10 - 4, and the bubble detachment time and... 

In the present research, the rising behavior of air bubble in a viscous liquid is investigated experimentally. Aqueous solutions of glycerol and CMC were used as the Newtonian and shear-thinning non-Newtonian viscous liquids, respectively. The bubble is formed via injection of air by a syringe pump and rises in the quiescent viscous liquid. The process was captured using a high-speed camera (1000 fps) and was post processed to obtain the bubble characteristics such as the center of mass and aspect ratio. The experimental results were verified using the existing literatures and the non-dimensional numbers were reduced to two (Velocity number and Flow number) by lumping the parameters. In... 

This investigation presents both theoretical and experimental studies on the size of a growing bubble in power-law non-Newtonian liquids. At first, some previous works on the prediction of bubble size in Newtonian liquids have been extended by considering the balance of forces acting on the bubble at the moment of separation. Predicted bubble sizes were validated against the experimental results for a wide range of operating conditions, including different gas flow rates and needle diameters as well as a wide range of physical properties of the Newtonian liquids. Furthermore, in order to determine the size of the bubbles formed in power-law non-Newtonian liquids with a similar analysis, the... 

Background & objectives: Malaria is the most important mosquito-borne disease in Iran. It is endemic in south to southeastern part of the country. Knowledge about bio-ecology of vectors will support authorities for appropriate management of the disease. Bashagard district is one of the main endemic areas for malaria in south of Iran. This study was conducted to determine anopheline fauna, diversity and affinity in the area, characterization of larval habitats, and mapping their potential distribution across the district. Methods: The potential aquatic habitats for Anopheles larvae were extracted from Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) image and digital elevation model of the area using... 

Bashagard district is one of the important malaria endemic areas in southern Iran. From this region a total of 16,199 indigenous cases have been reported in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the situation of the disease and provide the risk map for the area. ArcGIS9.2 was used for mapping spatial distribution of malaria incidence. Hot spots were obtained using evidence-based weighting method for transmission risk. Environmental factors including temperature, relative humidity, altitude, slope and distance to rivers were combined by weighted multi criteria evaluation for mapping malaria hazard area at the district level. Similarly, risk map was developed by overlaying... 

Several methods have been developed in the past for analyzing the porosity and other types of well logs for large-scale porous media, such as oil reservoirs, as well as their permeability distributions. We developed a method for analyzing the porosity logs φ(h) (where h is the depth) and similar data that are often nonstationary stochastic series. In this method one first generates a new stationary series based on the original data, and then analyzes the resulting series. It is shown that the series based on the successive increments of the log y(h)=φ(h+δh)-φ(h) is a stationary and Markov process, characterized by a Markov length scale hM. The coefficients of the Kramers-Moyal expansion for... 

Yeh et al. have recently proposed a mutual authentication protocol based on EPC Class-1 Gen.-2 standard. They claim their protocol is secure against adversarial attacks and also provides forward secrecy. In this paper we show that the proposed protocol does not have cited security features properly. A powerful and practical attack is presented on this protocol whereby the whole security of the protocol is broken. Furthermore, Yeh et al.'s protocol does not assure the untraceabilitiy and backwarduntraceabilitiy attributes. We also will propose our revision to safeguard the Yeh et al.'s protocol against cited attacks  

In this paper, we show how time-sharing method may reduce transmission delay in the dynamic index coding scenario. We propose a novel time-shared dynamic index coding transmission scheme that achieves the maximum index coding gain for a complete bi-directional side information graph and formulate a constrained optimization problem to tune the transmission scheme for the minimum transmission delay. A closed-form solution is presented for the special case of two-user. We also use analytical and simulation results to provide graphical intuition for the obtained results  

Dynamic index coding is a practical generalization of conventional index coding that deals with real dynamic traffic streams. We identify the code-constrained capacity region of a dynamic index coding problem with a complete bi-directional side information graph and introduce the performance metric of dynamic index coding gain to measure how dynamic index coding reduces the required data transmissions. A greedy dynamic index coding scheme is proposed that achieves the maximum coding gain almost everywhere in the identified capacity region. Although the greedy scheme attains the maximum coding gain, its selfish nature may unacceptably increase transmission delay. To address this issue, a... 

This paper suggests methods for improving efficiency of a high step up high efficiency converter based on three state commutation cells. A loss analysis has been performed to identify the source of power loss. Based on this analysis, methods are presented to reduce losses in the most power dissipating elements. These methods include replacing some power diodes with large conduction losses with MOSFETs having small on-state resistance. Efficiency improvement up to %1.25 percent is verified in simulation and experimental results  

Locally multipath adaptive routing (LMAR) protocol, classified as a new reactive distance vector routing protocol for MANETs is proposed in this paper. LMAR can find an ad-hoc path without selfish nodes and wormholes using a random search algorithm in polynomial-time. Also when the primary path fails, it discovers an alternative safe path if network graph remains connected after eliminating selfish/malicious nodes. The main feature of LMAR to seek safe route free of selfish and malicious nodes in polynomial time is its searching algorithm and flooding stage that its generated traffic is equiloaded compared to single-path routing protocols but its ability to bypass the attacks is much better... 

von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a naturally collapsed protein that participates in primary haemostasis and coagulation events. The clotting process is triggered by the adsorption and conformational changes of the plasma VWFs localized to the collagen fibres found near the site of injury. We develop coarse-grained models to simulate the adsorption dynamics of VWF flowing near the adhesive collagen fibres at different shear rates and investigate the effect of factors such as interaction and cooperativity of VWFs on the success of adsorption events. The adsorption probability of a flowing VWF confined to the receptor field is enhanced when it encounters an adhered VWF in proximity to the... 

A general regression neural network technique was applied to design optimization of a liquid-liquid coaxial swirl injector. Phase Doppler Anemometry measurements were used to train the neural network. A general regression neural network was employed to predict droplet velocity and Sauter mean diameter at any axial or radial position for the operating range of a liquid-liquid coaxial swirl injector. The results predicted by neural network agreed satisfactorily with the experimental data. A general performance map of the liquid-liquid coaxial swirl (LLCS) injector was generated by converting the predicted result to actual fuel/oxidizer ratios. © 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA  

Development of Smart Grid and deployment of smart meters in large scale has raised a lot of concerns regarding customers’ privacy. Consequently, several schemes have been proposed to overcome the above mentioned issue. These schemes mainly rely on data aggregation as a method of protecting users’ privacy from the grid operators. However, the main problem with most of these schemes is the fact that they require a large amount of processing power at the meter side. This, together with the fact that smart meters don't usually have a powerful processor, can cause the unavailability of smart meter data at the required time for operators of the grid, and at the same time prevents smart meters from... 

Real-time applications play a significant role in the area of VANET, and are mainly required for these kinds of networks. On the other hand, when the number of messages received by vehicles increases in the network, then the applied computation load becomes extremely high and consequently, delay on the message authentication process significantly increases. This paper is presented with the aim of introducing a novel cooperative message authentication (CMA) scheme for VANET, the main purpose of which is alleviating the computation load on vehicles while verifying messages by using two-part identity-based signature. The scheme enables vehicles to verify only a limited number of the total... 

A general regression neural network technique is applied for design optimization of liquid-liquid coaxial swirl injectors. Phase Doppler Anemometry measurements for velocity and SMD distributions for various Reynolds numbers are used to train the neural network to generate the injector's performance map. Excellent agreement between the predicted values and the measurements is obtained. It is observed that by reducing the number of randomly selected training samples to about one third of the number of prediction points, one may reconstruct the velocity field in the extrapolation regime with an accuracy of 93%. Copyright © 2005 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.... 

A general regression neural network technique is proposed for design optimization of pressure-swirl injectors. Phase doppler anemometry measurements for velocity distributions are used to train the neural network. An overall optimized value for the width of the probability is determined. The velocity field in the extrapolation regime is reconstructed with an accuracy of 93%. Excellent agreement between the predicted values and the measurements is obtained. The results indicate that the capability of performing designand optimization studies for pressure-swirl injectors with sufficient accuracy exists by applying modest amount of data in conjunction with an overall optimized value for the... 

Hybrid bioactive inorganic-organic carbon-based nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets enlarged with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were decorated to provide a suitable space forin situgrowth of CoNi2S4and green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. The ensuing nanocarrier supplied π-π interactions between the DOX drug and a stabilizing agent derived from leaf extracts on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles and hydrogen bonds; gene delivery of (p)CRISPR was also facilitated by chitosan and alginate renewable macromolecules. Also, these polymers can inhibit the potential interactions between the inorganic parts and cellular membranes to reduce the potential cytotoxicity....