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    Analysis and Modeling of Air Pollution using Big Data Methods in Tehran City

    , M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Abrishambaf, Arman (Author) ; Boroushaki, Mehrdad (Supervisor) ; Avami, Akram (Supervisor) ; Nahvijou, Azin (Co-Supervisor)
    Abstract
    Air pollution is a prevalent and pressing issue in Tehran, with significant impacts on both the environment and human health. this study uses statistical techniques, such as Pearson correlation, to determine the direction of influence of meteorological parameters on air pollutant concentrations, and Convergent Cross Mapping to quantify the causal relationship between meteorological parameters and ambient air pollutant concentrations, as well as feedback effects. Additionally, the research delves into the correlation between consumption of fossil fuels and air pollutants, as well as the relationship between lung cancer incidence and mortality by histological subtype and long-term exposure to... 

    Agent-Based Modeling to Estimate Exposure to Urban Air Pollution from Transportation to Assess Carcinogenic Effect

    , M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Doraki, Mohammad Erfan (Author) ; Avami, Akram (Supervisor) ; Boroushaki, Mehrdad (Supervisor) ; Nahvijou, Azin (Co-Supervisor)
    Abstract
    Air pollution in major cities has been a concern for over half a century, but its impact on public health has grown significantly in recent years, causing severe physical, mental, and financial harm. This project aims to propose effective policies to mitigate air pollution by focusing on the transportation sector. Transportation demand is analyzed through four scenarios, each addressing changes in public transportation usage, the promotion of cycling and walking culture, the penetration of digital solutions, and flexible working hours. The project, using the Huvaal model, forecasts transportation demand in 2050 under various population and climate conditions, based on artificial population... 

    An Online Portfolio Selection Algorithm Using Pattern-matching Principle

    , M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Azin, Pejman (Author) ; Khedmati, Majid (Supervisor)
    Abstract
    According to the rise of turnover and pace of trading, accelerating of analysis and making decision is unavoidable. Humans are unable to analyze big data quickly without behavioral biases so, using machines to analyze big data seems critical. Hence, financial markets tend to apply algorithmic trading in which some techniques like data mining and machine learning are notable. OLPS which sequentially allocates capital among a set of assets aiming to maximize the final return of investment in the long run, is the core problem in algorithmic trading. This article presents an online portfolio selection algorithm. The online portfolio selection sequentially selects a portfolio over a set of assets... 

    Taxing Auto Ownership and Use for Reduction of Urban Air Pollution

    , M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Azin, Bahar (Author) ; Poorzahedy, Hossein (Supervisor)
    Abstract
    The purpose of this study is to model the long-term effects of taxes on different aspects of private cars upon auto ownership and use, and thereby auto industries in producing more fit cars, so as to minimize auto emission. It involves used car market, different car demands and auto industry production. The study follows some previous studies in this area and tries to enhance the various aspects of the model by directing it toward a more real situation. In order to visualize the effects of the model, it has been applied on the case of Shiraz in 1378. It has been shown that the model was able to reduce air pollution and fuel consumption by 90% and 50%, respectively, as compared to the “Do... 

    An 8-bit current-mode folding ADC with optimized active averaging network

    , Article Scientia Iranica ; Volume 15, Issue 2 , 2008 , Pages 151-159 ; 10263098 (ISSN) Azin, M ; Sharif Bakhtiar, M ; Sharif University of Technology
    Sharif University of Technology  2008
    Abstract
    In this paper, an 8-bit CMOS current-mode folding-interpolating ADC is presented. A new active averaging-interpolating network is described, which results in a better error correction factor compared to its resistive counterpart. Using novel circuits for fast settling and careful transistor sizing, a fast (>160 Msps) and low power (70 mW in 2.5 V supply voltage) 8-bit ADC, with a total chip area of 1 × 1.4 mm in a 0.25 micron CMOS process, is demonstrated. © Sharif University of Technology, April 2008  

    The prediction of the density of undersaturated crude oil using multilayer feed-forward back-propagation perceptron

    , Article Petroleum Science and Technology ; Volume 30, Issue 1 , 2011 , Pages 89-99 ; 10916466 (ISSN) Rostami, H ; Shahkarami, A ; Azin, R ; Sharif University of Technology
    2011
    Abstract
    Crude oil density is an important thermodynamic property in simulation processes and design of equipment. Using laboratory methods to measure crude oil density is costly and time consuming; thus, predicting the density of crude oil using modeling is cost-effective. In this article, we develop a neural network-based model to predict the density of undersaturated crude oil. We compare our results with previous works and show that our method outperforms them  

    An 8-bit 160 MS/s folding-interpolating adc with optimizied active averaging/interpolating network

    , Article IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems 2005, ISCAS 2005, Kobe, 23 May 2005 through 26 May 2005 ; 2005 , Pages 6150-6153 ; 02714310 (ISSN) Azin, M ; Movahedian, H ; Bakhtiar, M. S ; Sharif University of Technology
    2005
    Abstract
    An 8-bit CMOS folding-interpolating analog-todigital converter is presented. A new method for designing optimized averaging circuit is also described. Careful circuit design and layout leads to a high-speed (160 MSPS) and low power (70 mW in 2.5 V supply voltage) ADC. The ADC is successfully implemented in 0.25um CMOS digital process and it takes 1x1.4 mm2 silicon area. © 2005 IEEE  

    Study of the VAPEX process in fractured physical systems using different solvent mixtures

    , Article Oil and Gas Science and Technology ; Volume 63, Issue 2 , 2008 , Pages 219-227 ; 12944475 (ISSN) Azin, R ; Kharrat, R ; Vossoughi, S ; Ghotbi, C ; Sharif University of Technology
    2008
    Abstract
    In this work, the vapour extraction (VAPEX) process is studied experimentally in a rectangular physical model at moderate-high pressure. The solvent was either pure propane or a mixture of propane/ methane with different compositions. The solvent and carrier gas were totally mixed before injection, so that a solvent with the desired composition flowed through the injector during experiments, and the solvent mixture was in thermodynamic equilibrium before injection into VAPEX cell. Effects of pressure and composition of solvent were studied. Results showed that at a fixed pressure, the process is more effective with pure solvent compared to the use of solvent mixtures. The main feature of... 

    Effect of fracture spacing on VAPEX performance in heavy oil fracture systems

    , Article Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering ; Volume 27, Issue 1 , 2008 , Pages 35-45 ; 10219986 (ISSN) Azin, R ; Kharrat, R ; Ghotbi, C ; Vossoughi, S ; Sharif University of Technology
    2008
    Abstract
    The vapor extraction (VAPEX) process; a solvent-based enhanced oil recovery process has been found promising for some heavy oil reservoirs. In this work, the VAPEX process is studied using a compositional simulator on a number of single-block and multiple block fractured systems. PVT data of one of an Iranian heavy oil reservoir are used to tune the equation of state. Effects of fracture spacing on the performance of process were studied. It was found that the fracture network enhances the VAPEX process in low-permeability systems by increasing the contact area between solvent and oil contained in the matrix blocks. Also, the fracture network reduced the instabilities in the system pressure... 

    Modeling and Simulation of Non-Darcy Gas Flow During Underground Gas Storage in One of Iranian Reservoirs

    , M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Dehghan, Hamzeh (Author) ; Taghikhani, Vahid (Supervisor) ; Azin, Reza (Supervisor)
    Abstract
    The Darcy’ law is valid for low velocity or low Reynolds number where merely viscous force is responsible for pressure loss in the porous media. At higher velocity, because of inertial forces and turbulency, the pressure loss would be higher than Darcy’ law estimates; therefore at these flow regimes the Darcy’ law is no longer valid. Hence, consideration of Non-Darcy flow effect is necessary to sufficiently model high gas velocity effects. The velocity is high in gas reservoirs especially those ones that are considered for underground gas storage. In this study, the effects of Non-Darcy flow on several parameters such as; estimation of differential pressure, flowing bottom hole pressure,... 

    The corresponding-states correlation for the prediction of crude Oil undersaturated densities

    , Article Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects ; Volume 33, Issue 18 , Jul , 2011 , Pages 1739-1746 ; 15567036 (ISSN) Azin, R ; Eslami, H ; Shah Karami, A. R ; Keshavarz, G ; Sharif University of Technology
    2011
    Abstract
    In this work, a corresponding-states correlation is presented for prediction of crude oil density in an undersaturated state. The correlation is the extension of corresponding-states liquid densities correlation. The modified corresponding states liquid densities method for predicting saturated liquid densities was coupled with the Tait equation to predict undersaturated densities. Correlations are proposed for the temperature-dependence of Tait equation parameters. Applying proper mixing and combining rules, we calculated the density of 26 crude-oil samples, mainly from Iranian reservoirs. The mixtures included a variety of compositions including N2, H 2S, CO2, and hydrocarbons. The AAD%... 

    Automatic Blank Verse Poet Identification Using Linguistic Features

    , M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Azin, Zahra (Author) ; Bahrani, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Khosravi Zadeh, Parvaneh (Co-Advisor)
    Abstract
    Author identification using statistical methods is a branch of authorship attribution which is one of important problems in natural language processing. Using different statistical methods, an anonymous text is attributed to an author. One of the primary parts of the task is to choose the appropriate stylistic features of the text in order to study the significances of style. These features must be quantitatively studied and could be extracted in lexical level, character level, and syntactic or semantic levels. The next step is text classification in which different machine learning methods such as decision tree, Artificial Neural Networks, Naïve Bayes and other methods could be used.... 

    The online atlas of the languages of Iran: Design, methodology and initial results

    , Article Language Related Research ; Volume 12, Issue 2 , 2021 , Pages 231-291 ; 23223081 (ISSN) Taheri Ardali, M ; Anonby, E ; Hayes, A ; Azin, Z ; Ebrahimi, Z ; Öpengin, E ; Atabaki, N. A ; Stone, A ; Stilo, D ; Esmaeelpour, E ; Amani Babadi, M ; Ourang, M ; Izadi, E ; Oikle, R ; Bahrani, N ; Borjian, H ; Bahrami, A ; Poshtvan, H ; Piryaee, S ; Pishyardehkordi, P ; Sabethemmatabadi, P ; Jaafari Dehaghi, S ; Doab, M. J ; Jamaleddin, F ; Joulaei, K ; Shabaniyan, H. H ; Khanjani, J ; Dianat, L ; Rashidi, A ; Borujeni, R. R ; Rahnema, Z ; Zamani Gandomani, Z ; Schreiber, L ; Sherafat, N ; Sheyholislami, J ; Salehi, M ; Talebi Dastenaei, M ; Kasgari, A. A. A ; Ghiasian, M. S ; Fattahi, M ; Ghandi, S ; Gheitasi Doolabi, M ; Kamali, R ; Goshtasb, F ; Bahmani, H. M ; Mohammadi, M ; Moradi, R ; Meshkinfam, M ; Khoo, R. M ; Bahram, A. N ; Nemati, F ; Nourzaei, M ; Wang, E ; Hashemi Zarajabad, H ; Sharif University of Technology
    Tarbiat Modares University  2021
    Abstract
    Iran is home to a treasury of languages representing diverse language families: Iranic, Turkic, Semitic, Indic, Dravidian, Armenian, and Kartvelian, as well as sign languages. Despite valuable research carried out by Iranian and western scholars, there is still no comprehensive publication depicting the geographic distribution and linguistic status of language varieties in Iran. In order to work toward this goal, the Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI) (www.iranatlas.net) was officially launched in 2015 as an international, online research programme. The present study opens with a historical overview of the research context and underlines the ongoing necessity of constructing such an atlas... 

    The global, regional, and national burden of stomach cancer in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2017

    , Article The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Volume 5, Issue 1 , 2020 , Pages 42-54 Etemadi, A ; Safiri, S ; Sepanlou, S. G ; Ikuta, K ; Bisignano, C ; Shakeri, R ; Amani, M ; Fitzmaurice, C ; Nixon, M.R ; Abbasi, N ; Abolhassani, H ; Advani, S. M ; Afarideh, M ; Akinyemiju, T ; Alam, T ; Alikhani, M ; Alipour, V ; Allen, C.A ; Almasi Hashiani, A ; Arabloo, J ; Assadi, R ; Atique, S ; Awasthi, A ; Bakhtiari, A ; Behzadifar, M ; Berhe, K ; Bhala, N ; Bijani, A ; Bin Sayeed, M. S ; Bjørge, T ; Borzì, A. M ; Braithwaite, D ; Brenner, H ; Carreras, G ; Carvalho, F ; Castañeda Orjuela, C. A ; Castro, F ; Chu, D. T ; Costa, V. M ; Daryani, A ; Davitoiu, D. V ; Demoz, G. T ; Demis, A. B ; Denova Gutiérrez, E ; Dey, S ; Nasab, M. D ; Djalalinia, S ; Emamian, M. H ; Farahmand, M ; Fernandes, J. C ; Fischer, F ; Foroutan, M ; Gad, M. M ; Gallus, S ; Gebremeskel, G. G ; Gedefew, G.A ; Ghaseni-Kebria, F ; Gorini, G ; Hafezi-Nejad, N ; Haj-Mirzaian, A ; Haro, J. M ; Harvey, J. D ; Hasanzadeh, A ; Hashemian, M ; Hassen, H. Y ; Hay, S. I ; Hidru, H. D ; Hostiuc, M ; Househ, M ; Ilesanmi, O. S ; Ilic, M. D ; Innos, K ; Islami, F ; James, S. L ; Jenabi, E ; Kalhor, R ; Kamangar, F ; Kasaeian, A ; Kengne, A. P ; Khader, Y. S ; Khalilov, R ; Khan, E. A ; Khan, G ; Khayamzadeh, M ; Khazaee Pool, M ; Khazaei, S ; Khoja, A. T ; Shadmani, F. K ; Kim, Y. J ; Kocarnik, J. M ; Komaki, H ; Koyanagi, A ; Kumar, V ; Vecchia, C.L ; Lopez, A. D ; Lunevicius, R ; Manafi, N ; Manda, A. L ; Geta, B ; Meheretu, H ; Mengistu, G ; Miazgowski, B ; Mir, S. M ; Mohammad, K. A ; Mezerji, N. M. G ; Mohammadian, M ; Mohammadian Hafshejani, A ; Mohammadpourhodki, R ; Mohammed, S ; Mohebi, F ; Mokdad, A. H ; Monasta, L ; Moosazadeh, M ; Moossavi, M ; Moradi, G ; Moradpour, F ; Moradzadeh, R ; Velasquez, I. M ; Mosapour, A ; Naderi, M ; Naik, G ; Najafi, F ; Nahvijou, A ; Negoi, I ; Nikbakhsh, R ; Nojomi, M ; Olagunju, A. T ; Olagunju, T. O ; Oren, E ; Parsian, H ; Piccinelli, C ; Pourshams, A ; Poustchi, H ; Rabiee, N ; Radfar, A ; Rafiei, A ; Rahimi, M ; Rahmati, M ; Renzaho, A. M. N ; Rezaei, N ; Ribeiro, A. I ; Roshandel, G ; Saad, A. M ; Saadatagah, S ; Salimzadeh, H ; Samy, A. M ; Sanabria, J ; Milicevic, M. M. S ; Sarveazad, A ; Sawhney, M ; Shaahmadi, F ; Sekerija, M ; Shaikh, M. A ; Bmedsc, A. S ; Siddappa Malleshappa, S. K ; Singh, J. A ; Smarandache, C. G ; Soofi, M ; Tabuchi, T ; Tadesse, D. B. B ; Tapak, L ; Tesfay, B. E ; Traini, E ; Tran, B ; Tran, K. B ; Vacante, M ; Vahedian Azimi, A ; Veisani, Y ; Vosoughi, K ; Vujcic, I. S ; Westerman, R ; Wondmieneh, A. B ; Xu, R ; Yaya, S ; Yazdi Feyzabadi, V ; Yousefi, Z ; Yousefi, B ; Moghadam, T. Z ; Zaki, L ; Zamani, M ; Zamanian, M ; Zandian, H ; Zarghi, A ; Zhang, Z. J ; Naghavi, M ; Malekzadeh, R ; Sajadi, P ; GBD 2017 Stomach Cancer Collaborators ; Sharif University of Technology
    Elsevier Ltd  2020
    Abstract
    Background: Stomach cancer is a major health problem in many countries. Understanding the current burden of stomach cancer and the differential trends across various locations is essential for formulating effective preventive strategies. We report on the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to stomach cancer in 195 countries and territories from 21 regions between 1990 and 2017. Methods: Estimates from GBD 2017 were used to analyse the incidence, mortality, and DALYs due to stomach cancer at the global, regional, and national levels. The rates were standardised to the GBD world population and reported per 100 000 population as age-standardised incidence rates,... 

    The global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its attributable risk factors in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017

    , Article The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Volume 4, Issue 12 , 2019 , Pages 913-933 ; 24681253 (ISSN) Safiri, S ; Sepanlou, S. G ; Ikuta, K. S ; Bisignano, C ; Salimzadeh, H ; Delavari, A ; Ansari, R ; Roshandel, G ; Merat, S ; Fitzmaurice, C ; Force, L. M ; Nixon, M. R ; Abbastabar, H ; Abegaz, K. H ; Afarideh, M ; Ahmadi, A ; Ahmed, M. B ; Akinyemiju, T ; Alahdab, F ; Ali, R ; Alikhani, M ; Alipour, V ; Aljunid, S. M ; Almadi, M. A. H ; Almasi Hashiani, A ; Al Raddadi, R. M ; Alvis Guzman, N ; Amini, S ; Anber, N. H ; Ansari Moghaddam, A ; Arabloo, J ; Arefi, Z ; Asghari Jafarabadi, M ; Azadmehr, A ; Badawi, A ; Baheiraei, N ; Bärnighausen, T. W ; Basaleem, H ; Behzadifar, M ; Behzadifar, M ; Belayneh, Y. M ; Berhe, K ; Bhattacharyya, K ; Biadgo, B ; Bijani, A ; Biondi, A ; Bjorge, T ; Borzi, A.M ; Bosetti, C ; Bou-Orm, I. R ; Brenner, H ; Briko, A. N ; Briko, N. I ; Carreras, G ; Carvalho, F ; Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A ; Cerin, E ; Chiang, P. P. C ; Chido Amajuoyi, O. G ; Daryani, A ; Davitoiu, D. V ; Demoz, G. T ; Desai, R ; Dianati Nasab, M ; Eftekhari, A ; El Sayed, I ; Elbarazi, I ; Emamian, M. H ; Endries, A. Y ; Esmaeilzadeh, F ; Esteghamati, A ; Etemadi, A ; Farzadfar, F ; Fernandes, E ; Fernandes, J. C ; Filip, I ; Fischer, F ; Foroutan, M ; Gad, M. M ; Gallus, S ; Ghaseni Kebria, F ; Ghashghaee, A ; Gorini, G ; Hafezi Nejad, N ; Haj Mirzaian, A ; Hasanpour Heidari, S ; Hasanzadeh, A ; Hassanipour, S ; Hay, S. I ; Hoang, C. L ; Hostiuc, M ; Househ, M ; Ilesanmi, O. S ; Ilic, M. D ; Innos, K ; Irvani, S. S. N ; Islami, F ; Jaca, A ; Jafari Balalami, N ; Jafari Delouei, N ; Jafarinia, M ; Jahani, M. A ; Jakovljevic, M ; James, S. L ; Javanbakht, M ; Jenabi, E ; Jha, R. P ; Joukar, F ; Kasaeian, A ; Kassa, T. D ; Kassaw, M. W ; Kengne, A. P ; Khader, Y. S ; Khaksarian, M ; Khalilov, R ; Khan, E. A ; Khayamzadeh, M ; Khazaee-Pool, M ; Khazaei, S ; Khosravi Shadmani, F ; Khubchandani, J ; Kim, D ; Kisa, A ; Kisa, S ; Kocarnik, J. M ; Komaki, H ; Kopec, J. A ; Koyanagi, A ; Kuipers, E. J ; Kumar, V ; La Vecchia, C ; Lami, F. H ; Lopez, A. D ; Lopukhov, P. D ; Lunevicius, R ; Majeed, A ; Majidinia, M ; Manafi, A ; Manafi, N ; Manda, A. L ; Mansour Ghanaei, F ; Mantovani, L. G ; Mehta, D ; Meier, T ; Meles, H. G ; Mendoza, W ; Mestrovic, T ; Miazgowski, B ; Miazgowski, T ; Mir, S. M ; Mirzaei, H ; Mohammad, K. A ; Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N ; Mohammadian Hafshejani, A ; Mohammadoo Khorasani, M ; Mohammed, S ; Mohebi, F ; Mokdad, A. H ; Monasta, L ; Moossavi, M ; Moradi, G ; Moradpour, F ; Moradzadeh, R ; Nahvijou, A ; Naik, G ; Najafi, F ; Nazari, J ; Negoi, I ; Negru, S ; Nguyen, C. T ; Nguyen, T. H ; Ningrum, D. N. A ; Ogbo, F. A ; Olagunju, A. T ; Olagunju, T. O ; Pana, A ; Pereira, D. M ; Pirestani, M ; Pourshams, A ; Poustchi, H ; Qorbani, M ; Rabiee, M ; Rabiee, N ; Radfar, A ; Rahmati, M ; Rajati, F ; Raoofi, S ; Rawaf, D. L ; Rawaf, S ; Reiner, R. C ; Renzaho, A. M. N ; Rezaei, N ; Rezapour, A ; Saad, A. M ; Saadatagah, S ; Saddik, B ; Salehi, F ; Zahabi, S. S ; Salz, I ; Samy, A. M ; Sanabria, J ; Santric Milicevic, M. M ; Sarveazad, A ; Satpathy, M ; Schneider, I. J. C ; Sekerija, M ; Shaahmadi, F ; Shabaninejad, H ; Shamsizadeh, M ; Sharafi, Z ; Sharif, M ; Sharifi, A ; Sheikhbahaei, S ; Shirkoohi, R ; Siddappa Malleshappa, S. K ; Silva, D. A. S ; Sisay, M ; Smarandache, C. G ; Soofi, M ; Soreide, K ; Soshnikov, S ; Starodubov, V. I ; Tabares Seisdedos, R ; Sullman, M ; Taherkhani, A ; Tesfay, B. E ; Topor Madry, R ; Traini, E ; Tran, B. X ; Tran, K. B ; Ullah, I ; Uthman, O. A ; Vacante, M ; Vahedian Azimi, A ; Valli, A ; Varavikova, E ; Vujcic, I. S ; Westerman, R ; Yazdi Feyzabadi, V ; Yisma, E ; Yu, C ; Zadnik, V ; Zahirian Moghadam, T ; Zaki, L ; Zandian, H ; Zhang, Z. J ; Murray, C. J. L ; Naghavi, M ; Malekzadeh, R ; GBD 2017 Colorectal Cancer Collaborators ; Sharif University of Technology
    Elsevier Ltd  2019
    Abstract
    Background: Data about the global, regional, and country-specific variations in the levels and trends of colorectal cancer are required to understand the impact of this disease and the trends in its burden to help policy makers allocate resources. Here we provide a status report on the incidence, mortality, and disability caused by colorectal cancer in 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2017. Methods: Vital registration, sample vital registration, verbal autopsy, and cancer registry data were used to generate incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) estimates of colorectal cancer at the global, regional, and national levels. We also determined the association... 

    Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

    , Article Nature ; Volume 574, Issue 7778 , 2019 , Pages 353-358 ; 00280836 (ISSN) Burstein, R ; Henry, N. J ; Collison, M. L ; Marczak, L. B ; Sligar, A ; Watson, S ; Marquez, N ; Abbasalizad Farhangi, M ; Abbasi, M ; Abd-Allah, F ; Abdoli, A ; Abdollahi, M ; Abdollahpour, I ; Abdulkader, R. S ; Abrigo, M. R. M ; Acharya, D ; Adebayo, O. M ; Adekanmbi, V ; Adham, D ; Afshari, M ; Aghaali, M ; Ahmadi, K ; Ahmadi, M ; Ahmadpour, E ; Ahmed, R ; Akal, C. G ; Akinyemi, J. O ; Alahdab, F ; Alam, N ; Alamene, G. M ; Alene, K. A ; Alijanzadeh, M ; Alinia, C ; Alipour, V ; Aljunid, S. M ; Almalki, M. J ; Al-Mekhlafi, H. M ; Altirkawi, K ; Alvis-Guzman, N ; Amegah, A. K ; Amini, S ; Amit, A. M. L ; Anbari, Z ; Androudi, S ; Anjomshoa, M ; Ansari, F ; Antonio, C. A. T ; Arabloo, J ; Arefi, Z ; Aremu, O ; Armoon, B ; Arora, A ; Artaman, A ; Asadi, A ; Asadi Aliabadi, M ; Ashraf Ganjouei, A ; Assadi, R ; Ataeinia, B ; Atre, S. R ; Quintanilla, B. P. A ; Ayanore, M. A ; Azari, S ; Babaee, E ; Babazadeh, A ; Badawi, A ; Bagheri, S ; Bagherzadeh, M ; Baheiraei, N ; Balouchi, A ; Barac, A ; Bassat, Q ; Baune, B. T ; Bayati, M ; Bedi, N ; Beghi, E ; Behzadifar, M ; Behzadifar, M ; Belay, Y. B ; Bell, B ; Bell, M. L ; Berbada, D. A ; Bernstein, R. S ; Bhattacharjee, N. V ; Bhattarai, S ; Bhutta, Z. A ; Bijani, A ; Bohlouli, S ; Breitborde, N. J. K ; Britton, G ; Browne, A. J ; Nagaraja, S. B ; Busse, R ; Butt, Z. A ; Car, J ; Cárdenas, R ; Castañeda Orjuela, C. A ; Cerin, E ; Chanie, W. F ; Chatterjee, P ; Chu, D. T ; Cooper, C ; Costa, V. M ; Dalal, K ; Dandona, L ; Dandona, R ; Daoud, F ; Daryani, A ; Das Gupta, R ; Davis, I ; Davis Weaver, N ; Davitoiu, D. V ; De Neve, J. W ; Demeke, F. M ; Demoz, G. T ; Deribe, K ; Desai, R ; Deshpande, A ; Desyibelew, H. D ; Dey, S ; Dharmaratne, S. D ; Dhimal, M ; Diaz, D ; Doshmangir, L ; Duraes, A. R ; Dwyer Lindgren, L ; Earl, L ; Ebrahimi, R ; Ebrahimpour, S ; Effiong, A ; Eftekhari, A ; Ehsani Chimeh, E ; El Sayed, I ; El Sayed Zaki, M ; El Tantawi, M ; El-Khatib, Z ; Emamian, M. H ; Enany, S ; Eskandarieh, S ; Eyawo, O ; Ezalarab, M ; Faramarzi, M ; Fareed, M ; Faridnia, R ; Faro, A ; Fazaeli, A.A ; Fazlzadeh, M ; Fentahun, N ; Fereshtehnejad, S. M ; Fernandes, J. C ; Filip, I ; Fischer, F ; Foigt, N. A ; Foroutan, M ; Francis, J. M ; Fukumoto, T ; Fullman, N ; Gallus, S ; Gebre, D. G ; Gebrehiwot, T. T ; Gebremeskel, G. G ; Gessner, B. D ; Geta, B ; Gething, P. W ; Ghadimi, R ; Ghadiri, K ; Ghajarzadeh, M ; Ghashghaee, A ; Gill, P. S ; Gill, T. K ; Golding, N ; Gomes, N. G. M ; Gona, P. N ; Gopalani, S. V ; Gorini, G ; Goulart, B. N. G ; Graetz, N ; Greaves, F ; Green, M. S ; Guo, Y ; Haj-Mirzaian, A ; Haj-Mirzaian, A ; Hall, B. J ; Hamidi, S ; Haririan, H ; Haro, J. M ; Hasankhani, M ; Hasanpoor, E ; Hasanzadeh, A ; Hassankhani, H ; Hassen, H. Y ; Hegazy, M. 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    Nature Publishing Group  2019
    Abstract
    Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained...