Sharif Digital Repository

This paper summarizes the possibility of carbon dioxide gas Injection and compares the results with natural depletion in one of Iranian under saturated oil reservoir. At first with using PVTi software and Eclipse simulator, slim tube test has been simulated and Minimum Miscibility Pressure (MMP) of carbon dioxide gas with reservoir fluid determined then simulation of CO2 injection had done and at the end assessment of economic conditions for CO2 injection had been considered. Results had shown CO2 is an optimized choice for gas injection in this oil reservoir  

Interaction between rock-fluid and fluid-fluid can have a significant effect on oil recovery. Changing the wettability of reservoir rock toward more water-wet or less oil-wet state is one of the expected mechanisms during low salinity water injection (LSWI). pH and salinity are of the most eminent factors of injection water controlling the wettability state of a crude oil/brine/rock system during any waterflooding operation. A small change in pH can affect the surface charges at the rock/water and oil/water interfaces leading to wettability alteration in a porous medium. In this study, the synergic effect of salinity and pH on the wettability state of carbonate rocks is evaluated through... 

Calcite is among the most abundant minerals organizing the oil reservoir formation and therefore its surface properties play a central role in the increase of the oil recovery efficiency. The effect of low-salinity water in carbonate rocks reveals that brine composition and salinity can improve the oil recovery in carbonates through wettability alteration. However, the specific mechanism for wettability changes that leads to improved oil recovery in calcite is not well understood. To obtain deeper insights at atomic level into the understanding the characteristics of the calcite-water interface, we performed classical molecular dynamics simulations in the presence of different ions in brine... 

Recently, the visibility graph has been introduced as a novel method for analyzing time series, which maps a time series to a complex network. In this paper we introduce a new algorithm of visibility, "cross-visibility", which reveals the conjugation of two coupled time series. The correspondence between the two time series is mapped to a network, "the cross-visibility graph", to demonstrate the correlation between them. We have applied the algorithm to several correlated and uncorrelated time series, generated by the linear stationary ARFIMA process, in order to better understand the results of the cross-visibility of empirical series. The comparison between the degree distribution of... 

In recent years, controlling the salinity and composition of the injected water has become an emerging enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique, often described as low salinity (LS) waterflooding. This work is done with the intention to contribute to the ongoing discussions about LS waterflooding mechanism(s). For this purpose, a series of different experiments were conducted. At first, the effect of salinity on the interfacial tension (IFT) and the contact angle was evaluated with a crude oil sample. Then to achieve more accurate results in observing oil/water interface, similar IFT experiments were also carried out on a synthetic oil containing asphaltenes. Thereafter, microscopic... 

In order to understand the potential role of divalent ions involved in smart water, fluid-fluid and rock-fluid interactions are studied through contact angle and interfacial tension (IFT) measurements. Then, the suitable brines in changing contact angle and IFT are brought into measurement with spontaneous imbibition experiments to evaluate the co-impact of fluid-fluid and rock-fluid interactions. The results show the importance of SO42− ions during smart water injection as removing them from the injection water leads to a sharp drop in ultimate oil recovery. Accordingly, when the concentration of SO42− within the injection water increases four times, 10% ultimate oil recovery is recovered.... 

Waterflooding has been regarded as an efficient method for pressure maintenance of oil reservoirs. x Improved techniques such as Smart Water flooding as a new EOR/IOR process has gained more momentum based on the recent research activities in this field and the reduction of oil price. Despite many efforts on achieving the governing mechanisms of Smart Water flooding in many individual fields, most of data are sparse and more possible mechanisms which explains all the interactions yet to be introduced. This experimental study used a systematic laboratory framework which is based on seawater treatments at fixed ionic strength to eliminate the ionic strength effects, NaCl considered as the... 

Autocorrelation receiver (AcR) is usually used as the general receiver for transmitted reference (TR) communication systems on a quite intuitive basis. In this paper, we apply the principle of statistical invariance to obtain the optimum TR receiver on a decision-theoretic basis, and it is shown that the autocorrelation receiver is optimal only in a special case. Performance of the optimum receiver and the suboptimum AcR for some important modulation schemes is also evaluated. The results imply that allocating a part of the transmitted energy and bandwidth to reference pulses would not help improve the performance of the system and the optimal performance might be achieved via much simpler...