Sharif Digital Repository

The investigation of thermal mechanisms in traditional as well as advanced fluid phases grabbed huge attention of the engineers around the globe. These fluids have a bright future in numerous fields including but not restricted to chemical, applied thermal, and heat transfer applications. Therefore, the present analysis emphasized on the development and investigation of a new nanofluid model under physical constraints like viscous dissipation, squeezing, and nanoparticle concentration effects. The fourth-order heat transfer model is formulated using new thermophysical properties of tetra nanofluids and similar transformative functions. Then, the model was analyzed numerically and a deep... 

The ternary nanofluids are significantly enhanced the thermal conductivity and heat transfer performance of conventional nanofluids. These fluids magnify the thermal properties like coolants in heat transport equipment such as electronic cooling, radiators and heat exchangers. In light of aforementioned importance, the aim of ongoing research is to investigate the thermal performance of water-based ternary nanoliquid which contains metallic and oxide nanoparticles (MoS2, SiO2, Au) through a cylinder subject to normal magnetic field, combined convection, resistive heating and internal heating species. By including these significant physical contribution; basic model transformed into final... 

The study of advanced nanofluids termed as Tetra nanofluid is of potential interest now a days. These fluids are upgraded generation of conventional nano to ternary hybrid nanofluids with outstanding characteristics. Applications of this class frequently occur in applied thermal engineering, nano-lubrication, chemo-therapy, chemical engineering, oil paint industry, coolant of nuclear plant and many other applied research areas. This study concerns with the development of innovative thermophysical rules for Tetra Hybrid nanofluid and their utilization in advanced heat transfer model. The governing laws updated through addition of thermal condition, dissipation effects, thermal radiations and... 

Irrigation is the largest human intervention in the water cycle that can modulate climate extremes, yet irrigation water use (IWU) remains largely unknown in most regions. Microwave remote sensing offers a practical way to quantify IWU by monitoring changes in soil moisture caused by irrigation. However, high-resolution satellite soil moisture data is typically infrequent (e.g., 6–12 days) and thus may miss irrigation events. This study evaluates the ability to quantify IWU by assimilating high-resolution (1 km) SMAP-Sentinel 1 remotely sensed soil moisture with a physically based land surface model (LSM) using a particle batch smoother (PBS). A suite of synthetic experiments is devised to... 

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) fabricated using electron beam lithography are investigated using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) with a spatial resolution of 5 nm under ambient conditions. High-resolution TERS imaging reveals a structurally modified 5-10 nm strip of disordered graphene at the edge of the GNRs. Furthermore, hyperspectral TERS imaging discovers the presence of nanoscale organic contaminants on the GNRs. These results pave the way for nanoscale chemical and structural characterisation of graphene-based devices using TERS. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021  

Introduction: The application of doxorubicin (DOX) in cancer therapy has been limited due to its drug resistance and poor internalization. Graphene oxide (GO) nanostructures have the capacity for DOX delivery while promoting its cytotoxicity in cancer. Areas covered: The favorable characteristics of GO nanocomposites, preparation method, and application in cancer therapy are described. Then, DOX resistance in cancer, GO-mediated photothermal therapy, and DOX delivery for cancer suppression are described. Preparation of stimuli-responsive GO nanocomposites, surface functionalization, hybrid nanoparticles, and theranostic applications are emphasized in DOX chemotherapy. Expert opinion: GO... 

Smart grid plays an important role in managing demand response management in modern smart city using Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). In smart grid environment, sensors are widely used for surveillance. These are deployed on the high tension power supply lines which help to share the information to control center about line breakage or any other flaw. Besides the cyber-attacks, sensors may also experience physical attacks as they are deployed on high-tension power lines in an open environment. Moreover, an attacker can also impersonate the information exchanged between sensors, gateways and control centers. Therefore, the most indispensable requirement is to prevent these... 

SIMON is a family of 10 lightweight block ciphers published by Beaulieu et al. from the United States National Security Agency (NSA). A cipher in this family with K-bit key and N-bit block is called SIMONN/K. We present several linear characteristics for reduced-round SIMON32/64 that can be used for a key-recovery attack and extend them further to attack other variants of SIMON. Moreover, we provide results of key recovery analysis using several impossible differential characteristics starting from 14 out of 32 rounds for SIMON32/64 to 22 out of 72 rounds for SIMON128/256. In some cases the presented observations do not directly yield an attack, but provide a basis for further analysis for... 

Surface passivation of organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) is a crucial step to annihilate the surface defects and to control the deteriorated ion migration phenomenon. Here, we study the role of lead sulfate (PbSO4) as an effective passivator in OIHP single crystals (SCs). Using impedance spectroscopy, we evaluate the ion migration and electrical properties of lead sulfate-passivated methylammonium lead tri-bromide (MAPbBr3) SCs. We found that the low-frequency impedance response that is assigned to the ionic motion in the MAPbBr3 SC is strongly affected by the inorganic PbSO4 surface treatment. The activation energy corresponding to the ion migration of MAPbBr3 SC is increased... 

Targeted drug delivery systems using nanocarriers offer a versatile platform for breast cancer treatment; however, a robust, CD44-targeted niosomal formulation has not been developed and deeply studied (both in vitro and in vivo) yet. Here, an optimized system of epirubicin (Epi)-loaded niosomal nanoparticles (Nio) coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) has been engineered for targeting breast cancer cells. The nanoformulation was first optimized (based on size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency); then, we characterized the morphology, stability, and release behavior of the nanoparticles. Epirubicin release from the HA-coated system (Epi-Nio-HA) showed a 21% (acidic buffer) and 20%... 

In this work, we address peak power and maximum temperature in multi-core Mixed-Criticality (MC) systems. In these systems, a rise in peak power consumption may generate more heat beyond the cooling capacity. Additionally, the reliability and timeliness of MC systems may be affected due to excessive temperature. Therefore, managing peak power consumption has become imperative in multi-core MC systems. In this regard, we propose an online peak power management heuristic for multi-core MC systems. This heuristic reduces the peak power consumption of the system as much as possible during runtime by exploiting dynamic slack and Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS). Specifically, our... 

Self-expandable stents are widely used to restore blood flow in a diseased artery segment by keeping the artery open after angioplasty. Despite the prevalent use of conventional crystalline metallic alloys, for example, nitinol, to construct self-expandable stents, new biomaterials such as bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are being actively pursued to improve stent performance. Here, we conducted a series of analyses including finite element analysis and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the feasibility of using a prototypical Zr-based BMG for self-expandable stent applications. We model stent crimping of several designs for different percutaneous applications. Our results indicate... 

In modern multi-core Mixed-Criticality (MC) systems, a rise in peak power consumption due to parallel execution of tasks with maximum frequency, specially in the overload situation, may lead to thermal issues, which may affect the reliability and timeliness of MC systems. Therefore, managing peak power consumption has become imperative in multi-core MC systems. In this regard, we propose an online peak power and thermal management heuristic for multi-core MC systems. This heuristic reduces the peak power consumption of the system as much as possible during runtime by exploiting dynamic slack and per-cluster Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS). Specifically, our approach examines... 

Historically, most of the maintenance tasks in rolling stock companies are devoted to Preventive Maintenance which leads to some problems such as erroneous maintenance work, unnecessary maintenance tasks, etc. Therefore, it is essential to develop effective maintenance strategies to deal with these problems. While the safety is a significant factor in rolling stock industries, the most well known and widely applied maintenance optimization strategy is so called Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM). The aim of this paper is to discuss the implementation of RCM to make maintenance of rolling stock of the Raja Passenger Train Corporation more cost effective. Therefore, the paper presents RCM... 

In Mixed-Criticality (MC) systems, multiple functions with different levels of criticality are integrated into a common platform in order to meet the intended space, cost, and timing requirements in all criticality levels. To guarantee the correct, and on-time execution of higher criticality tasks in emergency modes, various design-time scheduling policies have been recently presented. These techniques are mostly pessimistic, as the occurrence of worst-case scenario at run-time is a rare event. Nevertheless, they lead to an under-utilized system due to frequent drops of Low-Criticality (LC) tasks, and creation of unused slack times due to the quick execution of high-criticality tasks.... 

In modern multicore mixed-criticality (MC) systems, a rise in peak power consumption due to parallel execution of tasks with maximum frequency, specially in the overload situation, may lead to thermal issues, which may affect the reliability and timeliness of MC systems. Therefore, managing peak power consumption has become imperative in multicore MC systems. In this regard, we propose an online peak power and thermal management heuristic for multicore MC systems. This heuristic reduces the peak power consumption of the system as much as possible during runtime by exploiting dynamic slack and per-cluster dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). Specifically, our approach examines... 

Mixed-Criticality (MC) systems have recently been devised to address the requirements of real-time systems in industrial applications, where the system runs tasks with different criticality levels on a single platform. In some workloads, a highcritically task might overrun and overload the system, or a fault can occur during the execution. However, these systems must be fault-tolerant and guarantee the correct execution of all highcriticality tasks by their deadlines to avoid catastrophic consequences, in any situation. Furthermore, in these MC systems, the peak power consumption of the system may increase, especially in an overload situation and exceed the processor Thermal Design Power... 

Mixed-criticality (MC) systems have recently been devised to address the requirements of real-time systems in industrial applications, where the system runs tasks with different criticality levels on a single platform. In some workloads, a high-critically task might overrun and overload the system, or a fault can occur during the execution. However, these systems must be fault tolerant and guarantee the correct execution of all high-criticality (HC) tasks by their deadlines to avoid catastrophic consequences, in any situation. Furthermore, in these MC systems, the peak-power consumption of the system may increase, especially in an overload situation and exceed the processor thermal design...