Sharif Digital Repository

This work’s main objective is to investigate the thermal behavior of a tetra-ferrite-based nanofluid model under four physical controls. The tetra-nanofluid contains Fe3O4, CoFe2O4, NiZnFe2O4, and MnZnFe2O4 tetra-nanoparticles over a porous surface using ethylene and water (50%-50%) as the base fluid. The fundamental constitutive models are reduced nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate transformative functions. The resulting set of governing equations are found using the Runge-Kutta algorithm. The impacts of critical quantities on the heat transfer, shear factor, and Nusselt number are illustrated through graphs and numerical data. It is noticed that when the... 

When assessing the structural integrity of concrete infrastructure, detecting fractures in roads is paramount. However, conventional image-based algorithms often encounter challenges with noisy concrete surfaces, particularly in real-world scenarios like autonomous car road recognition. To address this, traditional techniques often require intricate preprocessing, which can be inconvenient in noisy and varied environments. This paper introduces a new image-based crack detection approach, the Majority Voting Crack Detection method, aimed at avoiding these hurdles. This method leverages a deep convolutional neural network-CNN in organization with three machine learning classifiers: Random... 

Transport properties of hydrocarbon liquid-based nanofluids in non-Darcy media have key significance in chemical, thermal and mechanical engineering. Therefore, the key focus of this research is to investigate the transport mechanism in nanofluid using Koo-Kleinstreuer-Li (KKL) thermal conductivity model in non-Darcy media under squeezing and permeable effects. The functional fluid is a homogenous mixture of Cu and kerosene. The problem formation is carried out via nanofluid-enhanced properties and similarity rules. Then numerical scheme was endorsed for the results analysis under increasing physical ranges. It is observed that the velocity F(η) increased when the values of α1 vary from 1.0... 

Many physiological ducts, like sperm vessels, intestines, common bile ducts, ducts of salivary glands, and ducts in the repertory system, are common ducts in which transport occurs due to the propagation of complex waves on the boundary. Electroosmotic flow phenomena are significant in membrane separation processes, protein and peptide delivery, iontophoresis in drug delivery through physiological ducts, and a lot of application in plant physiology regarding pressure control in xylem and phloem vessels. The aim of this theoretical study is to analyze the thermal characteristics of physiological fluid characterized by the Carreau-Yasuda model in a complex wavy channel. The two agents of flow,... 

As of late quantum calculus is broadly utilized in different parts of mathematics. Uniquely, the hypothesis of univalent functions can be newly portrayed by utilizing q-calculus. In this paper, we utilize our recently presented symmetric p,q-number m p,q to characterize new symmetric p,q-derivative D p,q of analytic function f in the open unit disk U. Utilizing D p,q, we introduce new class of analytic star-like functions and examine some fascinating results. © 2021 Khalid Akbar et al  

As of late quantum calculus is broadly utilized in different parts of mathematics. Uniquely, the hypothesis of univalent functions can be newly portrayed by utilizing q-calculus. In this paper, we utilize our recently presented symmetric p,q-number m p,q to characterize new symmetric p,q-derivative D p,q of analytic function f in the open unit disk U. Utilizing D p,q, we introduce new class of analytic star-like functions and examine some fascinating results. © 2021 Khalid Akbar et al  

In this letter, we discuss cost optimization of sensor networks monitoring structurally full-rank systems under distributed observability constraint. Using structured systems theory, the problem is relaxed into two subproblems: first, sensing cost optimization; and second, networking cost optimization. Both problems are reformulated as combinatorial optimization problems. The sensing cost optimization is shown to have a polynomial-order solution. The networking cost optimization is shown to be NP-hard in general, but has a polynomial-order solution under specific conditions. A 2-approximation polynomial-order relaxation is provided for general networking cost optimization, which is... 

This paper models the cyber-social system as a cyber-network of agents monitoring states of individuals in a social network. The state of each individual is represented by a social node, and the interactions among individuals are represented by a social link. In the cyber-network, each node represents an agent, and the links represent information sharing among agents. The agents make an observation of social states and perform distributed inference. In this direction, the contribution of this paper is threefold: First, a novel distributed inference protocol is proposed that makes no assumption on the rank of the underlying social system. This is significant as most protocols in the... 

Recent progress in the areas of network science and control has shown a significant promise in understanding and analyzing epidemic processes. A well-known model to study epidemics processes used by both control and epidemiological research communities is the susceptible–infected–susceptible (SIS) dynamics to model the spread of disease/viruses over contact networks of infected and susceptible individuals. The SIS model has two metastable equilibria: one is called the endemic equilibrium and the other is known as the disease-free or healthy-state equilibrium. Control theory provides the tools to design control actions (allocating curing or vaccination resources) in order to achieve and... 

The purpose of the study is to investigate the thermal proficiency of a trihybrid magnetized water-based cross nanofluid over an inclined shrinking sheet. Cross-fluid is the best model to investigate the fluid flow at a very high and very low share rate. There are three nanoparticles that are added in based fluid (water) to form the requisite posited ternary hybrid nanofluid. Moreover, heat transport analysis is scrutinized by incorporating the melting conditions. The obtained nonlinear system of partial differential equations (PDEs) from assumed physical assumption is converted into the nonlinear setup of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These ODEs are passed under the boundary value... 

Observability of complex systems/networks is the focus of this paper, which is shown to be closely related to the concept of contraction. Indeed, for observable network tracking it is necessary/sufficient to have one node in each contraction measured. Therefore, nodes in a contraction are equivalent to recover for loss of observability, implying that contraction size is a key factor for observability recovery. Here, using a polynomial order contraction detection algorithm, we analyze the distribution of contractions, studying its relation with key network properties. Our results show that contraction size is related to network clustering coefficient and degree heterogeneity. Particularly, in... 

Observability of complex systems/networks is the focus of this paper, which is shown to be closely related to the concept of contraction. Indeed, for observable network tracking it is necessary/sufficient to have one node in each contraction measured. Therefore, nodes in a contraction are equivalent to recover for loss of observability, implying that contraction size is a key factor for observability recovery. Here, developing a polynomial order contraction detection algorithm, we analyze the distribution of contractions, studying its relation with key network properties. Our results show that contraction size is related to network clustering coefficient and degree heterogeneity.... 

The growth and productivity of different varieties of beetroot Beta vulgaris were examined in presence of urea, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, compost and salt during the field trial, and the chemical constitution of three different varieties, dark red, ruby queen and detroit-2 was identified quantitatively by spectrophotometer. Ruby queen shows maximum growth as compared to dark red and detroit-2. The application of urea, nitrogen, phosphate, potassium and compost reduces the amount of catalase and total antioxidant enzymic potensial while increasing the concentrations of proteins, lipids, and sugars, with high growth and yield. Maximum growth was observed in the presence of urea, while... 

The dynamics of the nanofluid flow between two plates that are placed parallel to each other is of huge interest due to its numerous applications in different industries. Keeping in view the significance of such flow, investigation of the heat transfer in the Cu-H2O nanofluid is conducted between parallel rotating plates. For more significant results of the study, the squeezing effects are incorporated over the plates that are electrically conducting. The nondimensional flow model is then treated analytically (VPM), and the results are sketched against the preeminent flow parameters. The remarkable heat transfer in the nanofluid is noticed against the Eckert and Prandtl numbers, whereas the... 

The dynamics of the nanofluid flow between two plates that are placed parallel to each other is of huge interest due to its numerous applications in different industries. Keeping in view the significance of such flow, investigation of the heat transfer in the Cu-H2O nanofluid is conducted between parallel rotating plates. For more significant results of the study, the squeezing effects are incorporated over the plates that are electrically conducting. The nondimensional flow model is then treated analytically (VPM), and the results are sketched against the preeminent flow parameters. The remarkable heat transfer in the nanofluid is noticed against the Eckert and Prandtl numbers, whereas the... 

The objective of this research is to examine the impact of many parameters, including entropy production resulting from nanoparticle aggregation, viscous dissipation, heat source, and buoyancy, on the flow behavior of nanoliquids through a vertical Riga plate made of porous media at the two-dimensional stagnation point. By combining elements of the original Krieger-Dougherty model with the Maxwell-Bruggeman model, a new correlation for the aggregation process may be reached. The PDEs that control the boundary layer area of this problem are changed into a group of nonlinear PDEs using the right non-similarity transformations. The issue may be solved by using the BVP4c MATLAB program, which... 

This article explores the dynamics of nanofluids consisting of copper (TiO2) nanoparticles suspended in water, as they interact with sensor surfaces between two parallel squeezing plates with porous characteristics. This research specifically targets applications involving enhanced heat transfer and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) control in nanofluid systems. The primary aim is to analyze the effects of nanoparticle aggregation and non-aggregation on sensor surfaces, considering MHD formations and heat transfer in the energy and momentum equations. The research adopts a steady-state fluid condition and utilizes similarity transformations to convert partial differential equations into more... 

Novel PVA/PEG cross-linked membranes were prepared with (0–20 wt. %) of silica nanoparticles. The presence of both the polymers and additive was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The thermal properties of the membranes were analyzed by TGA and DSC analysis. The morphological and mechanical properties of the membranes were studied by SEM analysis and tensile testing, respectively. The gas permeation performances of the membranes were examined using state-of-the-art gas permeability cell. It was found that permeability of all the gases increased with the increase of silica loading, whereas ideal selectivity of carbon dioxide with respect to nitrogen and methane increased up to 10 wt. % loading and... 

The current study revealed the effectiveness of polypropylene (PP) fibers and cement to enhance the strength of black cotton soil. PP fibers and cement with different concentrations were mixed with black cotton soil. The strength of PP fiber and cement-based soil samples was measured in terms of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California Bearing ratio (CBR). Specimens for UCS and CBR tests were prepared at 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% of cement (by dry weight of soil) and seven percentages of polypropylene fibers i.e. 0.0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% and 0.6% (by dry weight of soil). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of polypropylene and cement contents in... 

The current study revealed the effectiveness of polypropylene (PP) fibers and cement to enhance the strength of black cotton soil. PP fibers and cement with different concentrations were mixed with black cotton soil. The strength of PP fiber and cement-based soil samples was measured in terms of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California Bearing ratio (CBR). Specimens for UCS and CBR tests were prepared at 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% of cement (by dry weight of soil) and seven percentages of polypropylene fibers i.e. 0.0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% and 0.6% (by dry weight of soil). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of polypropylene and cement contents in...