Sharif Digital Repository

It is known that no quantum process can produce a predetermined superposition of unknown arbitrary states. It has already been shown that with some partial information about the states, one can produce with some probability such superpositions. In general the success probability of these machines, even for orthogonal states, are less than unity. Here we show that there are specific machines that can produce superpositions of orthogonal qubit states with unit probability. © 2017 American Physical Society  

Let two coordinate systems, in possession of Alice and Bob, be related to each other by an unknown rotation R∈ SO (3). Alice is to send identical states | ψ⟩ to Bob who will make measurements on the received state and will determine the rotation R. The task of Bob is to estimate these parameters of the rotation R by the best possible measurements. Based on the quantum Fisher information, we show that Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states are near optimal states for this task. We show concrete measurements which will allow Bob to determine the rotation R. This shows that GHZ states, as superposition of macroscopically distinct states, are useful in yet another context in quantum... 

A recent scheme for perfect transmission of quantum states through quasi-one-dimensional chains requires application of global control at regular intervals of time. We study the effect of stochastic noise in this control and find that the scheme is robust for reasonable values of disorder. Both uncorrelated and correlated noise in the external control are studied, and it is remarkably found that the efficiency of the protocol is much higher in the presence of correlated noise  

We study quantum states generated by a sequence of nearest neighbor bipartite entangling operations along a one-dimensional chain of spin qubits. After a single sweep of such a set of operations, the system is effectively described by a matrix product state (MPS) with the same virtual dimension as the spin qubits. We employ the explicit form of the MPS to calculate expectation values and two-site correlation functions of local observables, and we use the results to study fluctuations of collective observables. Through the so-called macroscopicity and the squeezing properties of the collective spin variables they witness the quantum correlations and multiparticle entanglement within the... 

We show that a shared singlet state (SSS) can supersede a shared reference frame (SRF) in certain quantum communication tasks, i.e., tasks in which two remote players are required to estimate certain parameters of a two-particle state sent to them. This shows that task-specific values of resources may be somewhat different from their common values based on their exchange possibilities. © 2019 American Physical Society. ©2019 American Physical Society  

Alice wants to convey the value of a parameter to Bob with whom she does not share a reference frame. What physical object can she use for this task? Shall she encode this value into the angle between two physical vectors such as the angle between two spins? Can she benefit from using entanglement? We investigate these questions here and show that an entangled state of two qubits has three parameters that are invariant under changes of the reference frame. We also calculate for specific examples the average information gain for different circumstances, where one of these parameters is used for communication. We compare our result with the special case of separable states and find that... 

Entangled states can be used as secure carriers of information much in the same way as carriers are used in classical communications. In such protocols, quantum states are uploaded to the carrier at one end and are downloaded from it in safe form at the other end, leaving the carrier intact and ready for reuse. Furthermore, protocols have been designed for performing quantum state sharing in this way. In this work, we study the robustness of these protocols against two of the most common sources of noise, namely de-phasing and depolarization and show that multiple uses of these carriers do not lead to accumulative errors, rather the error remains constant and under control. © 2020, Springer... 

We show that two parties far apart can use shared entangled states and classical communication to align their coordinate systems with a very high fidelity. Moreover, compared with previous methods proposed for such a task, i.e., sending parallel or antiparallel pairs or groups of spin states, our method has the extra advantages of using single-qubit measurements and also being secure, so that third parties do not extract any information about the aligned coordinate system established between the two parties. The latter property is important in many other quantum information protocols in which measurements inevitably play a significant role. © 2017 American Physical Society  

Quantum secret sharing is a method for sharing a secret quantum state among a number of individuals such that certain authorized subsets of participants can recover the secret shared state by collaboration and other subsets cannot. In this paper, we first propose a method for sharing a quantum secret in a basic (2, 3) threshold scheme, only by using qubits and the 7-qubit CSS code. Based on this (2, 3) scheme, we propose a new (n, n) scheme, and we also construct a quantum secret sharing scheme for any quantum access structure by induction. Secondly, based on the techniques of performing quantum computation on 7-qubit CSS codes, we introduce a method that authorized subsets can perform... 

Any quantum communication task requires a common reference frame (i.e., phase, coordinate system). In particular, quantum key distribution requires different bases for preparation and measurements of states which are obviously based on the existence of a common frame of reference. Here, we show how QKD can be achieved in the absence of any common frame of reference. We study the coordinate reference frame, where the two parties do not even share a single direction, but the method can be generalized to other general frames of reference, pertaining to other groups of transformations. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature  

Using the matrix product formalism, we find exact ground states for two new spin-(1/2) and spin-(3/2) quantum chains. On a lattice of 3N sites, these ground states have a total spin of N/2, and hence have ferrimagnetic character. The novel point of this construction is that we construct a matrix product representation, not for a state which is invariant under rotation as has been hitherto considered, but for a state which transforms to other states under this symmetry operation. The method can be directly generalized to other symmetry groups. © Europhysics Letters Association  

Two qubit density matrices which are of X-shape, are a natural generalization of Bell Diagonal States (BDSs) recently simulated on the IBM quantum device. We generalize the previous results and propose a quantum circuit for simulation of a general two qubit X-state, implement it on the same quantum device, and study its entanglement for several values of the extended parameter space. We also show that their X-shape is approximately robust against noisy quantum gates. To further physically motivate this study, we invoke the two-spin Heisenberg XYZ system and show that for a wide class of initial states, it leads to dynamical density matrices which are X-states. Due to the symmetries of this... 

The concept of block coherence encompasses the case where experimental capabilities are not so delicate to perform arbitrary refined measurements on individual atoms. We develop a framework which facilitates further investigation of this resource theory in several respects. Using this framework, we investigate the problem of state conversion by incoherent operations and show that a majorization condition is the necessary and sufficient condition for state transformation by block-incoherent operations. We also determine the form of the maximally coherent state from which all other states and all unitary gates can be constructed by incoherent operations. Thereafter, we define the concept of... 

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the first eukaryote whose genome has been completely sequenced. It is also the first eukaryotic cell whose proteome (the set of all proteins) and interactome (the network of all mutual interactions between proteins) has been analyzed. In this paper we study the structure of the yeast protein complex network in which weighted edges between complexes represent the number of shared proteins. It is found that the network of protein complexes is a small world network with scale free behavior for many of its distributions. However we find that there are no strong correlations between the weights and degrees of neighboring complexes. To reveal... 

Heisenberg spin chains can act as quantum wires transferring quantum states either perfectly or with high fidelity. Gaussian packets of excitations passing through dual rails can encode the two states of a logical qubit, depending on which rail is empty and which rail is carrying the packet. With extra interactions in one or between different chains, one can introduce interaction zones in arrays of such chains, where specific one- or two-qubit gates act on any qubit which passes through these interaction zones. Therefore, universal quantum computation is made possible in a static way where no external control is needed. This scheme will then pave the way for a scalable way of quantum... 

The problem of combating de-coherence by weak measurements has already been studied for the amplitude damping channel and for specific input states. We generalize this to a large four-parameter family of qubit channels and for the average fidelity over all pure states. As a by-product we classify all the qubit channels which have one invariant pure state and show that the parameter manifold of these channels is isomorphic to S 2 × S 1 × S 1 and contains many interesting sub-classes of channels. By tuning the parameter of the weak measurement, we show that it is possible to increase the average input-output fidelity without blocking too many particles to pass through the channel. Quantitative... 

The stability of the topological order phase induced by the Z3 Kitaev model, which is a candidate for fault-tolerant quantum computation, against the local order phase induced by the three-state Potts model is studied. We show that the low-energy sector of the Kitaev-Potts model is mapped to the Potts model in the presence of transverse magnetic field. Our study relies on two high-order series expansions based on continuous unitary transformations in the limits of small and large Potts couplings as well as mean-field approximation. Our analysis reveals that the topological phase of the Z3 Kitaev model breaks down to the Potts model through a first-order phase transition. We capture the phase... 

We introduce the concept of quasi-inverse of quantum and classical channels, prove general properties of these inverses and determine them for a large class of channels acting in an arbitrary finite dimension. Thereforewe extend the previous results of Karimipour et al (2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 032109) to arbitrary dimensional channels and to the classical domain. We demonstrate how application of the proposed scheme can increase on the average the fidelity between a given random pure state and its image transformed by the quantum channel followed by its quasi-inversion. © 2021 The Author(s)  

We study the Kitaev model on a ladder network and find the complete spectrum of the Hamiltonian in closed form. Closed and manageable forms for all eigenvalues and eigenvectors allow us to calculate the partition function and averages of nonlocal operators in addition to the reduced density matrices of different subsystems at arbitrary temperatures. It is also discussed how these considerations can be generalized to more general lattices, including three-leg ladders and two-dimensional square lattices. © 2009 The American Physical Society  

In the preceding Comment [Jian-Zhong Du, Su-Juan Qin, Qiao-Yan Wen, and Fu-Chen Zhu, Phys. Rev. A 74, 016301 (2006)], it has been shown that in a quantum secret sharing protocol proposed in [S. Bagherinezhad and V. Karimipour, Phys. Rev. A 67, 044302 (2003)], one of the receivers can cheat by splitting the entanglement of the carrier and intercepting the secret, without being detected. In this reply we show that a simple modification of the protocol prevents the receivers from this kind of cheating. © 2006 The American Physical Society