Sharif Digital Repository

The conventional Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is not biodegradable and not bioactive to bond with the native bone and causes tissue necrosis resulting from its high exothermic polymerization. Hence, biodegradable bioactive bone cements with suitable setting time and mechanical properties should be introduced. In this study, novel bioactive bone cements containing Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate (CSH), Bioactive Glass (BG), and Tricalcium Silicate (TSC) were developed. Firstly, CSH and BG binary system was optimized based on preliminary setting and mechanical tests. Secondly, the composite bioactive bone cements were obtained by adding different quantities of TCS to the optimized... 

In this paper, physical modeling tests are conducted to study some aspects of the dynamic compaction method. The loose models are prepared with dry sand. Four cylindrical tampers with different weight and cross section areas are used for compaction of the models and dropped from various heights. Strain gage type total stress measuring sensors are placed at different levels inside the model to measure the transferred vertical stresses due to collision of the tamper with the surface of the models. The typical stress time histories are presented. Improvement depth and crater depth and diameter created on the model surface are studied, among the various parameters affecting the phenomena. Using... 

Surface waves generated during vibration of machine foundations are sometimes troublemaking and cause some damages to the nearby sensitive structures or people. Considering the function of the machines located on the foundations the dynamic loading could be harmonic or impact type. The main part of the generated energy is transferred to the ground by Rayleigh surface waves. One of the most reliable and economic methods for reduction of the effects of these generated waves is using open trenches around the dynamic sources, so called active isolation in literature. In this paper applicability and affecting parameters of the open trenches around the impact dynamic source is studied using... 

The main concern of steganography (image hiding) methods is to embed a secret image into a host image in such a way that it causes minimum distortion to the host; to make it possible to extract a version of secret image from the host in such a way that the extracted version of secret image be as similar as possible to its original version (this should be possible even after usual attacks on the host image), and to provide ways of embedding secret images with larger size into a given host image. In this paper we propose a method that covers all above mentioned concerns by suggesting the idea of finding from an image data base, the most suitable host for a given secret image. In our method,... 

The main concern of steganography (image hiding) methods is to embed a secret image into a host image in such a way that the host should remain as similar as possible to its original version. In addition the host image should remain robust with respect to usual attacks. In this paper we present a method that tries to cover all above mentioned concerns. The secret and host images are divided into blocks of size 4 × 4. Each block in secret image is taken as a texture pattern for which the most similar block is found among the blocks of the host image. The embedding procedure is carried on by replacing these small blocks of the secret image with blocks in host image in such a way that least... 

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the widely used multiplexing techniques in wireless communications and especially cognitive radio networks. One of the key challenges of this technique is its high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal. This paper, introduces a new approach to PAPR reduction of OFDM signals using harmony search algorithm (HSA) based on the partial transmit sequence (PTS) method. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has better PAPR reduction performance as an accurate and low complexity approach for OFDM systems  

Soils have an anisotropic response, and changing the inclination and magnitude of the major principal stress will affect the collapse potential and brittleness and the shear strength and shear stiffness. A series of undrained cyclic tests on dense Babolsar and Toyoura sands with induced anisotropy were conducted using automatic hollow cylinder apparatus. Special attention was paid to the significant role of the principal stress direction (α). Results show that changes in α has significant effect on the type and the quantity of strains that directly affect the excess pore water pressure generation. Changes in α would change the deformation mode and soil stiffness. Stiffness reduction has led... 

Soils have an anisotropic response, and changing the inclination (α) and magnitude of the major principal stress will affect collapse potential and brittleness, as well as shear strength and shear stiffness. In this paper, the effect of the stress path, with changes in intermediate principal stress, on the dynamic behavior of Babolsar sand, is studied. A series of undrained monotonic and cyclic tests on loose sand with induced anisotropy were conducted by using automatic hollow cylinder apparatus. Special attention was paid to the significant role of the intermediate principal stress parameter (b) in the deformation behavior of the sand during cyclic loading. Results show that at constant α,... 

Cyclic drained and undrained tests were performed in a modified simple shear device in order to specifically investigate the effect of saturation ratio on shear modulus and damping parameters of sand. In addition to the degree of saturation, the effects of number of cycles, vertical consolidation stress, shear strain amplitude and relative density on dynamic properties of sand were investigated. Dynamic stiffness and damping characteristic were found to be substantially independent of saturation ratio in the range of 25-75%. However, by approaching the full saturation state, the values of modulus fall sharply and damping of loose samples increases dramatically from corresponding values of... 

In order to evaluate dynamic properties of Babolsar and Toyoura sands at saturation levels of 25, 50, 75 & 100%, a series of cyclic simple shear tests were carried out. The SGI type cyclic simple shear device was used to study the shear modulus, G, and damping ratio, D, of the above mentioned sands at cyclic shear strain of 0.5, 5 & 10%. The effect of degree of saturation (S), vertical consolidation stress (σ vc) and number of loading cycles (N) were investigated. On the basis of the tests results, the shear modulus approximately remains constant by change of degree of saturation from 25 to 50% and decreases when reaches the degree of saturation 75%. Damping ratio approximately is constant... 

It is well established that the main mechanism for the occurrence of liquefaction under seismic loading conditions is the generation of excess pore water pressure. The growth of the excess pore water pressure of saturated sand is dependent on several factors. Changing the inclination and magnitude of the major principal stress with respect to the depositional direction in most cases will increase the collapse potential and brittleness as well as reduce the shear strength and shear stiffness. An experimental program was carried out to study the variation of pore water pressure of cross-anisotropic deposits under anisotropic cyclic loading. A total of 30 undrained cyclic tests were performed... 

Strength parameters of asphalt concrete used in earth fill dams' core were studied by conducting cyclic and monotonic triaxial tests on asphalt concrete samples. Results obtained from more than 120 cyclic tests showed that asphalt concrete behaves properly under cyclic loading and specimens stay intact after applying 5000 cycles. Results of monotonic and post-cyclic loading proved that strength parameters of asphalt concrete samples does not change significantly after being subjected to seismic loads. © 2009 IOS Press  

In total, 55 undrained cyclic torsional shear tests were conducted at a constant mean confining stress, σ0m, constant intermediate principal stress ratios, b = (σ2 − σ3)/(σ1 − σ3), and principal stress directions, α. The cyclic resistance of loose, isotropically consolidated specimens exhibited a dip in strength, with the lowest values for α being 45°, an angle at which α was oriented such that the potential shear band directions dovetailed with the plane having the weakest strength (i.e. horizontal plane). For a given α, the cyclic resistance decreased to the lowest values for b = 0·5, at which the value of the principal stresses was different in the three major directions. For dense...