Sharif Digital Repository

Petrochemicals, refineries and power plants are among the biggest water-consuming industries. Of all systems in mentioned complex, most water is consumed in the cooling tower system, of which the feed water of the cooling tower accounts for the largest portion of water demand. Drainage loss (blowdown) which constitutes the biggest portion of the feed water losses, varies greatly with changes in source water quality and cooling water treatment. Scarcity of water, large quantities of cooling tower blowdown water and increasing of water price lead to activities for blowdown water treatment to reuse. In this project two pre-treatment methods and two final membrane treatment methods were... 

Recently, due to the major need of the development of underground spaces in dense urban areas, excavating tunnels near to the earth surface is arising. Therefore, there is a possibility that the new tunnels drill and construct in the vicinity or along the available tunnels. Thus, the interaction mechanism of this tunnels on each other and on land subsidence should be taken into consideration. In this research using ABAQUS finite element analysis software the interactions of the cross road subway station of Bimeh-Mehrabad airport in the line 4 of the Tehran city subway lines which is excavated using multistage drilling method is investigated. This model includes Eastern, Western and a... 

Excavation of tunnel beneath groundwater level, and drainage of water from the sides of the tunnel, causes disturbance of hydrogeological balance and change in the stress and pore water pressure distribution, which causes ground subsidence. Various parameters effect on stress distribution and surface settlement caused by tunneling. In this thesis, Effects of soil geotechnical properties such as the angle of internal friction, cohesion, modulus of elasticity, permeability and tunnel parameters such as depth, depth of groundwater level, the tunnel advance rate, structure weight, foundation eccentricity relative to the axis of the tunnel and foundation dimensions are evaluated. To do this with... 

Nowadays, due to limitation of production from conventional oil reservoirs, enhanced recovery from heavy oil reservoirs is of great concern. However, production from these energy resources is not a simple task and production using common technologies is not easily exploitable. Heterogeneous structure and also high surface tension between injected fluid and reservoir oil are of the main challenges during water flooding processes in heavy oil reservoirs. The high surface tension force causes a large part of the oil remains in the reservoir after the water flooding operation. One method for overcoming this problem is the use of surfactants that reduces capillary forces and consequently... 

Identifying the success factors of construction projects is one of the most important issues in project management. Lack of sufficient and comprehensive knowledge of project success factors makes it difficult to control, monitor and operate projects. Therefore, identifying the factors influencing the failure or success of projects according to the type of projects by managers, employers and executives can provide a good framework for evaluating and reviewing project outputs for them. Also, recognizing the success factors of projects can help to manage the appropriate allocation of resources throughout the life of the project. The result of this study can increase the existing knowledge about... 

Rapid growth of technology and the increase in availability of fast communication means caused transportation planners to pay attention to solutions of demand management with an aproach to information technology. Replacement of traditional shopping with internet shopping can be seen as a suitable solution to reduce traffic and polution. Purpose of this research is to probe teleshopping choice and the frequency of doing that, simultaneously, using copula model as the most common aproach of joint models in recent years. In this research, the binary logit model is used to build the model for teleshopping choice and the order logit model is used to build the frequency model. The data sample is... 

Drilling of low pressure layers is one of the major problems in petroleum industry, in which requires a lightweight drilling fluid for drilling of these layers. Use of lightweight Colloidal Gas Aphron (CGA) leads to loss reduction of drilling fluid, decreases formation damage and finally, well stimulation costs will be reduced. Use of nanoparticles can improve the aphron drilling fluid performance. But there is little information in the literature about the role of natural surfactant in the presence of nanoparticles on the CGA based fluid properties. Especially, micro bubbles behavior in the presence of nanoparticles in pore scale is less considered. This study consists of two parts, in the... 

One of the most well-established methods of increasing oil production rate from existing fields is infill drilling. However, drilling these depleted reservoirs with conventional high density drilling fluids may cause formationdamage problems and subsequently reduce the expected production rate. To overcome these technical problems, the use of lightweight aphron based fluids isincreasing rapidly in the petroleum industry. Rheological and fluid loss performance of aphron based drilling fluids can be improved in the presence of nanoparticles; however, very limited information is available in this field. Moreover, a thorough knowledge about the hydrodynamic flow behavior of drilling fluids... 

The main objective of this study is a numerical simulation of flow and mixing behavior of two miscible liquids in a new static mixer over the Reynolds number in the range of 20-160. The performance of the proposed static mixer has been compared with the well-known three different static mixers namely, Kenics, SMX, and Komax. Pressure drop ratio (Z-factor), a coefficient of variation (CoV) and extensional efficiency (α) characteristics were, respectively, used to evaluate power consumption, distributive mixing and dispersive mixing performances in all static mixers. Since there are no experimental data for examined mixers, firstly, the CFD model was validated with measured data of the... 

In recent years, utilizing the colloidal gas aphron (CGA) drilling fluids is getting more and more commonplace due to their little formation damage and filtration loss. This study tries to investigate the effect of presence of nanoparticles and their type (hydrophobicity) on stability and performance of water and oil based CGA drilling fluids. This is done through analyzing stability, filtration, rheology, and pore blockage tests. Water and oil based CGA drilling fluids consisted of stabilizer, surfactant, and nanoparticles are generated and through examining of the effects of polymer, surfactant, and nanoparticle concentrations, the optimum formulation is obtained. High pressure-high... 

Heavy oil reservoirs contain huge amount of initial oil in place in the world. Thus, enhancement of their production attracts lots of attention. Primary and secondary oil recovery methods have just little effects on the production of these reservoirs, thus, using innovative chemical methods which lead them to increase their mobility is recommended to improve their oil recovery efficiency. One of these proper and novel methods which has been established recently to enhance oil recovery is ASP1 flooding that can significantly increase oil recovery from petroleum heavy oil reservoirs. In addition, considerable numbers of reservoirs especially heavy oil reservoirs are fractured reservoirs. In... 

Nowadays, due to limitation of production from conventional oil reservoirs, enhanced recovery from heavy oil reservoirs are of great concern. In heavy oil reservoirs, only 5% of initial oil in place (IOIP) is producible due to high viscosity. Water flooding increases oil recovery just up to 10% which is due to improper mobility ratio. One of popular methods for increasing oil recovery is injection of chemical materials. Chemical methods are used in reservoirs that have high degree of heterogeneity like heterogeneous and layered reservoirs. These heterogeneities cause diversion and loss of injected water which leads to remaining of oil in its place. Using surface active agents, as a popular... 

Wing grids are among devices used for increasing wing performance. Wing grids decrease wing induced drag by breaking the wing main tip vortex to smaller vortices with lower turbulence intensity value. These devices are mostly used in low Reynolds regimes, and their effectiveness decreases as the Reynolds number increases. In most researches around the world, wing grids have simple design configurations, but in this research wing grids are designed in such a way that each grid has a minimum value of induced drag respectively. So, in addition to reducing baseline wing induced drag by breaking the main vortex to smaller vortices by means of wing grid, each grid has a minimum value of induced... 

From small businesses to large organizations and corporations, data is the most valuable and most vulnerable asset. The exponential explosion of digital data, known as Big Data, has evolved data storage industry and mandates new solutions for handling dependability and performance demands. Now Exa-scale datacenters employ millions of storage media that translates to multiple failures per hour. The storage design problem gets more dimensions by the emerge of Non-Volatile Memories (NVMs) and Solid-State Drives (SSDs) that have limited endurance. Both industry and academy continuously struggle to evaluate and improve the dependability of data storage systems and minimize the chance of data... 

In recent years, the growth of data-intensive applications has caused the storage layer to become the performance bottleneck in High-Performance Computing systems. I/O workload characterization with the help of evaluation of applications pattern provides improving the performance of the storage part of the system. Prior research have addressed a limited range of workloads and evaluated small number of storage layer parameters. In this thesis, for the first time, we provide a comprehensive study of the characterization of real High-Performance Computing applications and evaluate the I/O pattern of a wide range of workloads. After collecting complete results, we proceed to analyze them and... 

Heavy oil reservoirs include a major part of the world’s oil reservoirs. Therefore consideration to their enhanced oil recovery (EOR) aspects has a great importance. In heavy oil reservoirs secondary and tertiary EOR methods, have an insignificant effect on oil recovery and so we’d better to use chemical methods to improve mobility and oil recovery. One of the appropriate EOR methods which has attracted a lot of attention is alkaline – surfactant – polymer (ASP) flooding which has a considerable impact on EOR from heavy oil reservoirs. In this EOR method, the low concentration of surfactant in the injecting fluid, results in a low or ultra-low interfacial tension (IFT) between residual oil... 

The main aim of this study is to propose a new structure of compression surfaces of a supersonic inlet in order to improve target performance parameter i.e. total pressure recovery ratio. This idea resulted in developing a new type of supersonic inlet, utilizing four ramps and a cone as compression surfaces simultaneously.A prototype of this type of inlet has been designed for Mach 3 and its performance has been studied via numerical simulation in design point and off design conditions. Eventually the new inlet compared to experimental performance survey data from two cases of two-cone inlets and also analytical calculations of ideal performance of some types of supersonic inlets. Results of...